---
title: Joel 4:3 (JPS 1917) — And they have cast lots for My people; and have given a boy for an h… · tree and pragmatics
description: And they have cast lots for My people; and have given a boy for an harlot, and sold a girl for wine, and have drunk. Who acts: nations. Joel 4:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joel 4:3 · JPS 1917

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And they have cast lots for My people; and have given a boy for an harlot, and sold a girl for wine, and have drunk.

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**Who acts:** nations · **What happens:** cast, give, sell, drink · **To what, where:** lots, boy, girl

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This is Joel 4:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (nations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOL:55
# text = And they have cast lots for My people; and have given a boy for an harlot, and sold a girl for wine, and have drunk.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	cast	cast	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	harlot	harlot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	sold	sell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	wine	wine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	drunk	drink	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cast** | present · perfect | nations *= nation* | lots |  |  |  | for My people | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent lot=Product for people=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **give** | present · perfect | nations *= nation* *not said here* | a boy |  |  |  | for a harlot | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent boy=Theme for harlot=Asset |
| 3 | **sell** | past | nations *= nation* *not said here* | a girl |  |  |  | for wine | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent girl=Theme for wine=Asset |
| 4 | **drink** | present · perfect | nations *= nation* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְאֶל־עַמִּ֖י יַדּ֣וּ גוֹרָ֑ל וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ הַיֶּ֙לֶד֙ בַּזּוֹנָ֔ה וְהַיַּלְדָּ֛ה מָכְר֥וּ בַיַּ֖יִן וַיִּשְׁתּֽוּ׃

[Joel 4:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.4.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOL:55` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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