---
title: Joel 4:10 (JPS 1917) — Beat your plowshares into swords, and your pruning-hooks into spears… · tree and pragmatics
description: Beat your plowshares into swords, and your pruning-hooks into spears; let the weak say: 'I am strong.' Who acts: you, weak, I. Joel 4:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joel 4:10 · JPS 1917

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Beat your plowshares into swords, and your pruning-hooks into spears; let the weak say: 'I am strong.'

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**Who acts:** you, weak, I · **What happens:** beat, let, say, be · **To what, where:** plowshares, swords · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Joel 4:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, weak, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOL:62
# text = Beat your plowshares into swords, and your pruning-hooks into spears; let the weak say: 'I am strong.'
1	Beat	beat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	plowshares	plowshare	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	swords	sword	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
9	pruning	pruning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	_
11	hooks	hook	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	spears	spear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
15	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	weak	weak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	ccomp	_	_
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
20	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	_
21	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	ccomp	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	23	punct	_	_
25	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** | imperative | you *not said here* | your plowshares and your pruning hooks into spears |  | swords |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent plowshare=Patient into sword=Recipient |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | the weak |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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כֹּ֤תּוּ אִתֵּיכֶם֙ לַֽחֲרָב֔וֹת וּמַזְמְרֹֽתֵיכֶ֖ם לִרְמָחִ֑ים הַֽחַלָּ֔שׁ יֹאמַ֖ר גִּבּ֥וֹר אָֽנִי׃

[Joel 4:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.4.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOL:62` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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