--- title: Joel 4:18 (JPS 1917) — And it shall come to pass in that day, that the mountains shall drop… · tree and pragmatics description: And it shall come to pass in that day, that the mountains shall drop down sweet wine, and the hills shall flow with milk, and all the brooks of Judah shall flow with waters; and a fountain shall come forth of the house of the LORD, and shall water the valley of Shittim. Who acts: mountain, mountains --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.71/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/4/) / [4:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.4.18/) / JPS 1 # Joel 4:18 · JPS 1917 And it shall come to pass in that day, that the mountains shall drop down sweet wine, and the hills shall flow with milk, and all the brooks of Judah shall flow with waters; and a fountain shall come forth of the house of the LORD, and shall water the valley of Shittim. **Who acts:** mountain, mountains, hills, brooks, fountain · **What happens:** come, pass, drop down, flow, water · **To what, where:** sweet wine, valley This is Joel 4:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mountain, mountains, hills, brooks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOL:71 # text = And it shall come to pass in that day, that the mountains shall drop down sweet wine, and the hills shall flow with milk, and all the brooks of Judah shall flow with waters; and a fountain shall come forth of the house of the LORD, and shall water the valley of Shittim. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 3 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 come come VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 to to PART TO _ 6 mark _ _ 6 pass pass VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 xcomp _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 that that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 9 det _ _ 9 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 11 that that SCONJ IN _ 15 mark _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 mountains mountain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ _ 14 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 15 aux _ _ 15 drop drop VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 advcl _ _ 16 down down ADV RP _ 15 advmod _ _ 17 sweet sweet ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 wine wine NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 hills hill NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 23 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 24 flow flow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 conj _ _ 25 with with ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 milk milk NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 29 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 31 det:predet _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 brooks brook NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nsubj _ _ 32 of of ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 Judah Judah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 nmod _ _ 34 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 35 flow flow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 conj _ _ 36 with with ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 waters water NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obl _ _ 38 ; ; PUNCT : _ 43 punct _ _ 39 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 40 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 fountain fountain NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 nsubj _ _ 42 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 43 aux _ _ 43 come come VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 44 forth forth ADV RB _ 43 advmod _ _ 45 of of ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 house house NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obl _ _ 48 of of ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 49 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 50 det _ _ 50 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 47 nmod _ _ 51 , , PUNCT , _ 54 punct _ _ 52 and and CCONJ CC _ 54 cc _ _ 53 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 54 aux _ _ 54 water water VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 43 conj _ _ 55 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 56 det _ _ 56 valley valley NOUN NN Number=Sing 54 obj _ _ 57 of of ADP IN _ 58 case _ _ 58 Shittim Shittim PROPN NNP Number=Sing 56 nmod _ _ 59 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: pos - teacher: changed voice=character, act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | shall | mountain | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | mountain *not said here* | | | | day | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **drop down** | shall | the mountains | sweet wine | | | | down *property* | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wine=Theme | | 4 | **flow** | shall | the hills | | | | | with milk | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with milk=Theme | | 5 | **flow** | shall | all brooks of Judah | | | | | with waters | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with water=Theme | | 6 | **come** | shall | a fountain | | | | | of the house of the LORD; forth *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme of house=Initial\_Location | | 7 | **water** | shall | a fountain *not said here* | the valley of Shittim | | | | | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent valley=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְהָיָה֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא יִטְּפ֧וּ הֶהָרִ֣ים עָסִ֗יס וְהַגְּבָעוֹת֙ תֵּלַ֣כְנָה חָלָ֔ב וְכָל־אֲפִיקֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה יֵ֣לְכוּ מָ֑יִם וּמַעְיָ֗ן מִבֵּ֤ית יְהוָה֙ יֵצֵ֔א וְהִשְׁקָ֖ה אֶת־נַ֥חַל הַשִּׁטִּֽים׃ [Joel 4:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.4.18/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOL:71` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Joel 4:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.70/) - next →: [Joel 4:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.72/) - ↑ back to [Joel 4:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.4.18/)