---
title: Joel 4:19 (JPS 1917) — Egypt shall be a desolation, and Edom shall be a desolate wilderness… · tree and pragmatics
description: Egypt shall be a desolation, and Edom shall be a desolate wilderness, for the violence against the children of Judah, because they have shed innocent blood in their land. Who acts: Egypt, Edom, Judah. Joel 4:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joel 4:19 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Egypt shall be a desolation, and Edom shall be a desolate wilderness, for the violence against the children of Judah, because they have shed innocent blood in their land.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Egypt, Edom, Judah · **What happens:** be, shed · **To what, where:** desolation, desolate wilderness, innocent blood, land

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Joel 4:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Egypt, Edom, Judah), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOL:72
# text = Egypt shall be a desolation, and Edom shall be a desolate wilderness, for the violence against the children of Judah, because they have shed innocent blood in their land.
1	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	desolation	desolation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
8	Edom	Edom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
9	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	desolate	desolate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	violence	violence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
18	against	against	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	shed	shed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
28	innocent	innocent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | shall | Egypt | a desolation and a desolate wilderness |  |  |  | for the violence against the children of Judah | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | shall | Edom | a desolate wilderness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **shed** | present · perfect | Judah | innocent blood |  | Judah's land |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location blood=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לִשְׁמָמָ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֔ה וֶאֱד֕וֹם לְמִדְבַּ֥ר שְׁמָמָ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶ֑ה מֵֽחֲמַס֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־שָׁפְכ֥וּ דָם־נָקִ֖יא בְּאַרְצָֽם׃

[Joel 4:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.4.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOL:72` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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