---
title: Joel 1:8 (JPS 1917) — Lament like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the husband of her yo… · tree and pragmatics
description: Lament like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the husband of her youth. Who acts: you. Joel 1:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joel 1:8 · JPS 1917

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Lament like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the husband of her youth.

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**Who acts:** you · **What happens:** lament, gird · **To what, where:** virgin

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This is Joel 1:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOL:8
# text = Lament like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the husband of her youth.
1	Lament	lament	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	like	like	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	virgin	virgin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	girded	gird	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sackcloth	sackcloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	husband	husband	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: pos
- teacher: changed form=imp, act=request, voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lament** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like a virgin | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **gird** | participle |  | a virgin *not said here* |  |  |  | with sackcloth; for the husband of lion's youth | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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אֱלִ֕י כִּבְתוּלָ֥ה חֲגֻֽרַת־שַׂ֖ק עַל־בַּ֥עַל נְעוּרֶֽיהָ׃

[Joel 1:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.1.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOL:8` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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