---
title: Jonah 1:13 (JPS 1917) — Nevertheless the men rowed hard to bring it to the land; but they co… · tree and pragmatics
description: Nevertheless the men rowed hard to bring it to the land; but they could not; for the sea grew more and more tempestuous against them. Who acts: men, sea. Jonah 1:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jonah 1:13 · JPS 1917

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Nevertheless the men rowed hard to bring it to the land; but they could not; for the sea grew more and more tempestuous against them.

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**Who acts:** men, sea · **What happens:** row, bring, grow · **To what, where:** tempest, land

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This is Jonah 1:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, sea), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JON:13
# text = Nevertheless the men rowed hard to bring it to the land; but they could not; for the sea grew more and more tempestuous against them.
1	Nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	rowed	row	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
18	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
22	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	25	advmod	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	22	conj	_	_
25	tempestuous	tempestuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	xcomp	_	_
26	against	against	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obl	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **row** | past | the men |  |  |  |  | hard, nevertheless *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **bring** | to-infinitive | the men *not said here* | tempest |  | the land |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme to land=Destination |
| 3 | **grow** | past | the sea |  |  |  |  | tempestuous *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיַּחְתְּר֣וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים לְהָשִׁ֛יב אֶל־הַיַּבָּשָׁ֖ה וְלֹ֣א יָכֹ֑לוּ כִּ֣י הַיָּ֔ם הוֹלֵ֥ךְ וְסֹעֵ֖ר עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃

[Jonah 1:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.1.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JON:13` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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