---
title: Jonah 2:4 (JPS 1917) — For Thou didst cast me into the depth, in the heart of the seas, and… · tree and pragmatics
description: For Thou didst cast me into the depth, in the heart of the seas, and the flood was round about me; all Thy waves and Thy billows passed over me. Who acts: Thou, flood, waves, Thy. Jonah 2:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.20/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jonah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/2/) / [2:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.2.4/) / JPS 1

# Jonah 2:4 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For Thou didst cast me into the depth, in the heart of the seas, and the flood was round about me; all Thy waves and Thy billows passed over me.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Thou, flood, waves, Thy · **What happens:** cast, be, pass, wave, billow · **To what, where:** me, depth

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Jonah 2:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thou, flood, waves, Thy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JON:20
# text = For Thou didst cast me into the depth, in the heart of the seas, and the flood was round about me; all Thy waves and Thy billows passed over me.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	didst	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	cast	cast	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	depth	depth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	seas	sea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	round	round	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
22	about	about	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	obl	_	_
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
25	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	27	det:predet	_	_
26	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nsubj	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
29	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	billows	billow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	conj	_	_
31	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
32	over	over	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	31	obl	_	_
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cast** | past · do-support | Thou | me |  | the depth |  | in the heart of the seas | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent i=Material into depth=Product |
| 2 | **is** | past | the flood |  |  |  |  | about me; round *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **pass** | past | Thy waves and Thy billows |  |  |  |  | over me | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme over i=Location |
| 4 | **wave** |  | Thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom wave «event transitive»: poss=agent |
| 5 | **billow** |  | Thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom billow «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַתַּשְׁלִיכֵ֤נִי מְצוּלָה֙ בִּלְבַ֣ב יַמִּ֔ים וְנָהָ֖ר יְסֹבְבֵ֑נִי כָּל־מִשְׁבָּרֶ֥יךָ וְגַלֶּ֖יךָ עָלַ֥י עָבָֽרוּ׃

[Jonah 2:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.2.4/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JON:20` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Jonah 2:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.19/)
- next →: [Jonah 2:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.21/)
- ↑ back to [Jonah 2:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.2.4/)