--- title: Jonah 1:4 (JPS 1917) — But the LORD hurled a great wind into the sea, and there was a might… · tree and pragmatics description: But the LORD hurled a great wind into the sea, and there was a mighty tempest in the sea, so that the ship was like to be broken. Who acts: LORD, mighty tempest, ship. Jonah 1:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jonah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/1/) / [1:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.1.4/) / JPS 1 # Jonah 1:4 · JPS 1917 But the LORD hurled a great wind into the sea, and there was a mighty tempest in the sea, so that the ship was like to be broken. **Who acts:** LORD, mighty tempest, ship · **What happens:** hurl, be, break · **To what, where:** great wind, sea This is Jonah 1:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, mighty tempest, ship), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JON:3 # text = But the LORD hurled a great wind into the sea, and there was a mighty tempest in the sea, so that the ship was like to be broken. 1 But but CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 hurled hurl VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 wind wind NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 8 into into ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 13 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 14 expl _ _ 14 was be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 mighty mighty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 tempest tempest NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 18 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nmod _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 22 so so SCONJ IN _ 27 mark _ _ 23 that that SCONJ IN _ 22 fixed _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 ship ship NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 26 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 cop _ _ 27 like like ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 advcl _ _ 28 to to PART TO _ 30 mark _ _ 29 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 30 aux:pass _ _ 30 broken break VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 27 xcomp _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hurl** | past | the LORD | a great wind | | the sea | | | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent wind=Theme into sea=Destination | | 2 | **be** | past | a mighty tempest in the sea | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **is** | past | the ship | | | | | like *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **break** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive · passive | the ship *not said here* | | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V» | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַֽיהוָ֗ה הֵטִ֤יל רֽוּחַ־גְּדוֹלָה֙ אֶל־הַיָּ֔ם וַיְהִ֥י סַֽעַר־גָּד֖וֹל בַּיָּ֑ם וְהָ֣אֳנִיָּ֔ה חִשְּׁבָ֖ה לְהִשָּׁבֵֽר׃ [Jonah 1:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.1.4/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JON:3` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Jonah 1:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.2/) - next →: [Jonah 1:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.4/) - ↑ back to [Jonah 1:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.1.4/)