---
title: Jonah 3:4 (JPS 1917) — And Jonah began to enter into the city a day's journey, and he procl… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Jonah began to enter into the city a day's journey, and he proclaimed, and said: 'Yet forty days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown.' Who acts: Jonah, day. Jonah 3:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jonah 3:4 · JPS 1917

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And Jonah began to enter into the city a day's journey, and he proclaimed, and said: 'Yet forty days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown.'

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**Who acts:** Jonah, day · **What happens:** begin, enter, proclaim, say, overthrow, journey · **To what, where:** journey, city, Nineveh · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Jonah 3:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jonah, day), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JON:33
# text = And Jonah began to enter into the city a day's journey, and he proclaimed, and said: 'Yet forty days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Jonah	Jonah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	enter	enter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	journey	journey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	proclaimed	proclaim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
21	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	_
22	Yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
23	forty	forty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nummod	_	_
24	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	ccomp	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
27	Nineveh	Nineveh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nsubj:pass	_	_
28	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
29	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	aux:pass	_	_
30	overthrown	overthrow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	conj	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
32	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | Jonah |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **enter** | to-infinitive | Jonah *not said here* | a day's journey |  | the city |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into city=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **proclaim** | past | Jonah |  |  |  |  |  | vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Jonah *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **overthrow** | shall · passive |  | Nineveh |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **journey** |  | a day |  |  |  |  |  | nom journey «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיָּ֤חֶל יוֹנָה֙ לָב֣וֹא בָעִ֔יר מַהֲלַ֖ךְ י֣וֹם אֶחָ֑ד וַיִּקְרָא֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר ע֚וֹד אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם וְנִֽינְוֵ֖ה נֶהְפָּֽכֶת׃

[Jonah 3:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.3.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JON:33` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Jonah 3:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.32/)
- next →: [Jonah 3:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.34/)
- ↑ back to [Jonah 3:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.3.4/)