---
title: Jonah 3:7 (JPS 1917) — And he caused it to be proclaimed and published through Nineveh by t… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he caused it to be proclaimed and published through Nineveh by the decree of the king and his nobles, saying: 'Let neither man nor beast, herd nor flock, taste any thing; let them not feed, nor drink water; Who acts: Nineveh, robe, man, king. Jonah 3:7 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and th
---

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# Jonah 3:7 · JPS 1917

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And he caused it to be proclaimed and published through Nineveh by the decree of the king and his nobles, saying: 'Let neither man nor beast, herd nor flock, taste any thing; let them not feed, nor drink water;

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**Who acts:** Nineveh, robe, man, king · **What happens:** cause, proclaim, publish, say, let, taste · **To what, where:** robe, Nineveh, man, thing, water · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Jonah 3:7 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nineveh, robe, man, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JON:36
# text = And he caused it to be proclaimed and published through Nineveh by the decree of the king and his nobles, saying: 'Let neither man nor beast, herd nor flock, taste any thing; let them not feed, nor drink water;
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	proclaimed	proclaim	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	xcomp	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	published	publish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
10	through	through	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Nineveh	Nineveh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	decree	decree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	nobles	noble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
23	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
24	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	_
25	Let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	ccomp	_	_
26	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	27	cc:preconj	_	_
27	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	29	cc	_	_
29	beast	beast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
32	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	33	cc	_	_
33	flock	flock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	conj	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
35	taste	taste	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	conj	_	_
36	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	37	det	_	_
37	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	_
38	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	39	punct	_	_
39	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	conj	_	_
40	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	obj	_	_
41	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	42	advmod	_	_
42	feed	feed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	39	xcomp	_	_
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
44	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	45	cc	_	_
45	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	42	conj	_	_
46	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	obj	_	_
47	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: suggest
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | Nineveh | robe |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **proclaim** | to-infinitive · passive | robe *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S» |
| 3 | **publish** | participle | robe *not said here* |  |  | Nineveh |  | by the decree of the king and Nineveh's nobles | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Nineveh *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **let** | infinitive |  | man nor beast and herd nor flock |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Theme |
| 6 | **taste** | infinitive |  | any thing |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Theme thing=Attribute |
| 7 | **let** | infinitive |  | man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **not** **feed** | infinitive | man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 9 | **drink** | infinitive | man *not said here* | water |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |
| 10 | **decree** |  | the king and Nineveh's nobles |  |  |  |  |  | nom decree «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּזְעֵ֗ק וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ בְּנִֽינְוֵ֔ה מִטַּ֧עַם הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וּגְדֹלָ֖יו לֵאמֹ֑ר הָאָדָ֨ם וְהַבְּהֵמָ֜ה הַבָּקָ֣ר וְהַצֹּ֗אן אַֽל־יִטְעֲמוּ֙ מְא֔וּמָה אַ֨ל־יִרְע֔וּ וּמַ֖יִם אַל־יִשְׁתּֽוּ׃

[Jonah 3:7: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.3.7/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JON:36` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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