---
title: Jonah 1:5 (JPS 1917) — And the mariners were afraid, and cried every man unto his god; and… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the mariners were afraid, and cried every man unto his god; and they cast forth the wares that were in the ship into the sea, to lighten it unto them. Who acts: mariners, wares. Jonah 1:5 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jonah 1:5 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the mariners were afraid, and cried every man unto his god; and they cast forth the wares that were in the ship into the sea, to lighten it unto them.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** mariners, wares · **What happens:** be, cry, cast, lighten · **To what, where:** man, wares, sea, ship

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Jonah 1:5 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mariners, wares), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JON:4
# text = And the mariners were afraid, and cried every man unto his god; and they cast forth the wares that were in the ship into the sea, to lighten it unto them.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	mariners	mariner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
9	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl:unmarked	_	_
11	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	god	god	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	cast	cast	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
18	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	wares	ware	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
21	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
22	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	acl:relcl	_	_
26	into	into	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
31	lighten	lighten	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
32	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	obj	_	_
33	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	obl	_	_
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the mariners |  |  |  |  | afraid *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | the mariners *not said here* | every man |  |  |  | unto man's god | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **cast** | past | mariners *= mariner* | the wares |  | the sea |  | forth *property* | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent ware=Material into sea=Product |
| 4 | **is** | past | the wares |  |  | the ship |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **lighten** | to-infinitive | mariners *= mariner* *not said here* | ship |  |  |  | unto mariners *= mariner* | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ הַמַּלָּחִ֗ים וַֽיִּזְעֲקוּ֮ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־אֱלֹהָיו֒ וַיָּטִ֨לוּ אֶת־הַכֵּלִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּֽאֳנִיָּה֙ אֶל־הַיָּ֔ם לְהָקֵ֖ל מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְיוֹנָ֗ה יָרַד֙ אֶל־יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַסְּפִינָ֔ה וַיִּשְׁכַּ֖ב וַיֵּרָדַֽם׃

[Jonah 1:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.1.5/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. **And the mariners were afraid, and cried every man unto his god; and they cast forth the wares that were in the ship into the sea, to lighten it unto them.**
2. [But Jonah was gone down into the innermost parts of the ship; and he lay, and was fast asleep.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.5/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JON:4` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Jonah 1:4 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.3/)
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