--- title: Jonah 4:8 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass, when the sun arose, that God prepared a vehemen… · tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, when the sun arose, that God prepared a vehement east wind; and the sun beat upon the head of Jonah, that he fainted, and requested for himself that he might die, and said: 'It is better for me to die than to live.' Who acts: gourd, sun, God, me. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gourd, sun, God, me), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JON:49 # text = And it came to pass, when the sun arose, that God prepared a vehement east wind; and the sun beat upon the head of Jonah, that he fainted, and requested for himself that he might die, and said: 'It is better for me to die than to live.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 pass pass VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 7 when when SCONJ WRB _ 10 mark _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 sun sun NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 10 arose arise VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 12 that that SCONJ IN _ 14 mark _ _ 13 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 14 prepared prepare VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 16 vehement vehement ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 17 east east ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 wind wind NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 sun sun NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 23 beat beat VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 24 upon upon ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 27 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 Jonah Jonah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 30 that that SCONJ IN _ 32 mark _ _ 31 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 32 fainted faint VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 advcl _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 35 requested request VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 conj _ _ 36 for for ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 35 obl _ _ 38 that that SCONJ IN _ 41 mark _ _ 39 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ _ 40 might might AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 41 aux _ _ 41 die die VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 35 ccomp _ _ 42 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 44 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 conj _ _ 45 : : PUNCT : _ 49 punct _ _ 46 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 49 punct _ _ 47 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 49 expl _ _ 48 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 49 cop _ _ 49 better good ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 44 ccomp _ _ 50 for for SCONJ IN _ 53 mark _ _ 51 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 53 nsubj _ _ 52 to to PART TO _ 53 mark _ _ 53 die die VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 49 csubj _ _ 54 than than SCONJ IN _ 56 mark _ _ 55 to to PART TO _ 56 mark _ _ 56 live live VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 49 advcl _ _ 57 . . PUNCT . _ 44 punct _ _ 58 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 44 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=narrate, voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | gourd | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | gourd *not said here* | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **arise** | past | the sun | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **prepare** | past | God | a vehement east wind | | | | | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wind=Patient | | 5 | **beat** | past | the sun | | | the head of Jonah | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon head=Location | | 6 | **faint** | past | God | | | | | | vn change\_bodily\_state-40.8.4 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 7 | **request** | past | God *not said here* | | | | | for God | vn beg-58.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 8 | **die** | might | God | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 9 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | God *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 10 | **is** | present | | | | | | good *property* | tree rules | | 11 | **die** | to-infinitive | me | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 12 | **live** | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כִּזְרֹ֣חַ הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ וַיְמַ֨ן אֱלֹהִ֜ים ר֤וּחַ קָדִים֙ חֲרִישִׁ֔ית וַתַּ֥ךְ הַשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ יוֹנָ֖ה וַיִּתְעַלָּ֑ף וַיִּשְׁאַ֤ל אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹ֙ לָמ֔וּת וַיֹּ֕אמֶר ט֥וֹב מוֹתִ֖י מֵחַיָּֽי׃ [Jonah 4:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.4.8/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JON:49` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Jonah 4:7 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.48/) - next →: [Jonah 4:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.50/) - ↑ back to [Jonah 4:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.4.8/)