---
title: Jonah 4:10 (JPS 1917) — And the LORD said: 'Thou hast had pity on the gourd, for which thou… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the LORD said: 'Thou hast had pity on the gourd, for which thou hast not laboured, neither madest it grow, which came up in a night, and perished in a night; Who acts: LORD, Thou, gourd. Jonah 4:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jonah 4:10 · JPS 1917

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And the LORD said: 'Thou hast had pity on the gourd, for which thou hast not laboured, neither madest it grow, which came up in a night, and perished in a night;

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**Who acts:** LORD, Thou, gourd · **What happens:** say, have, not labour, make, grow, come up · **To what, where:** pity, gourd · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Jonah 4:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, Thou, gourd), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JON:51
# text = And the LORD said: 'Thou hast had pity on the gourd, for which thou hast not laboured, neither madest it grow, which came up in a night, and perished in a night;
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
7	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	nsubj	_	_
8	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	ccomp	_	_
10	pity	pity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	gourd	gourd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	obl	_	_
17	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	20	nsubj	_	_
18	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
20	laboured	labour	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	acl:relcl	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	23	cc	_	_
23	madest	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	28	nsubj	_	_
28	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	acl:relcl	_	_
29	up	up	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	perished	perish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	conj	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
39	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | present · perfect | Thou | pity |  | the gourd |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pity=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **labour** | present · perfect | thou |  |  |  |  | for the gourd | vn work-73.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **make** | past | thou *not said here* | gourd |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **grow** | infinitive | gourd *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **come up** | past |  |  |  |  | night |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **perish** | past |  |  |  |  | night |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה אַתָּ֥ה חַ֙סְתָּ֙ עַל־הַקִּ֣יקָי֔וֹן אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־עָמַ֥לְתָּ בּ֖וֹ וְלֹ֣א גִדַּלְתּ֑וֹ שֶׁבִּן־לַ֥יְלָה הָיָ֖ה וּבִן־לַ֥יְלָה אָבָֽד׃

[Jonah 4:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.4.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JON:51` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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