--- title: Joshua 7:2 (JPS 1917) — And Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai, which is beside Beth-aven, o… · tree and pragmatics description: And Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai, which is beside Beth-aven, on the east side of Beth-el, and spoke unto them, saying: 'Go up and spy out the land.' And the men went up and spied out Ai. Who acts: Joshua, Ai, men. 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And the men went up and spied out Ai. **Who acts:** Joshua, Ai, men · **What happens:** send, be, speak, say, go up, spy out · **To what, where:** men, Ai, Jericho, Beth aven, land · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Joshua 7:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joshua, Ai, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOS:129 # text = And Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai, which is beside Beth-aven, on the east side of Beth-el, and spoke unto them, saying: 'Go up and spy out the land.' And the men went up and spied out Ai. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 Joshua Joshua PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 sent send VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 5 from from ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 Jericho Jericho PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 7 to to ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 Ai Ai PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 10 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 15 nsubj _ _ 11 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 cop _ _ 12 beside beside ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 13 Beth Beth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 compound _ _ 14 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 15 punct _ _ 15 aven aven PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 acl:relcl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 17 on on ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 19 east east ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 side side NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 21 of of ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 22 Beth Beth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 compound _ _ 23 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 24 punct _ _ 24 el El PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 nmod _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 spoke speak VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 28 unto unto ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obl _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 31 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 27 advcl _ _ 32 : : PUNCT : _ 34 punct _ _ 33 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 34 punct _ _ 34 Go go VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 31 ccomp _ _ 35 up up ADV RB _ 34 compound:prt _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 37 spy spy VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 34 conj _ _ 38 out out ADP RP _ 37 compound:prt _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obj _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 34 punct _ _ 42 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 34 punct _ _ 43 And and CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 46 nsubj _ _ 46 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 47 up up ADV RB _ 46 compound:prt _ _ 48 and and CCONJ CC _ 49 cc _ _ 49 spied spy VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 46 conj _ _ 50 out out ADP RP _ 49 compound:prt _ _ 51 Ai Ai PROPN NNP Number=Sing 49 obj _ _ 52 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **send** | past | Joshua | men | Ai | Jericho | | | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent man=Theme from jericho=Initial\_Location to ai=Destination | | 2 | **is** | present | Ai | | | Beth aven | | on the east side of Beth el | tree rules | | 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Joshua *not said here* | | | | | unto men *= man* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Joshua *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **go up** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 6 | **spy out** | infinitive | | the land | | | | | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer land=Stimulus | | 7 | **go up** | past | the men | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 8 | **spy out** | past | the men *not said here* | Ai | | | | | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ai=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ אֲנָשִׁ֜ים מִֽירִיח֗וֹ הָעַ֞י אֲשֶׁ֨ר עִם־בֵּ֥ית אָ֙וֶן֙ בֵּ֥ית אָ֙וֶן֙ מִקֶּ֣דֶם לְבֵֽית־אֵ֔לבֵֽית־אֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר עֲל֖וּ וְרַגְּל֣וּ אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙ הָאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַֽיְרַגְּל֖וּ אֶת־הָעָֽי׃ [Joshua 7:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.7.2/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:129` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Joshua 7:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.128/) - next →: [Joshua 7:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.130/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 7:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.7.2/)