---
title: Joshua 7:3 (JPS 1917) — And they returned to Joshua, and said unto him: 'Let not all the peo… · tree and pragmatics
description: And they returned to Joshua, and said unto him: 'Let not all the people go up; but let about two or three thousand men go up and smite Ai; make not all the people to toil thither; for they are but few.' Who acts: men, people, thousand men. Joshua 7:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the prag
---

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# Joshua 7:3 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And they returned to Joshua, and said unto him: 'Let not all the people go up; but let about two or three thousand men go up and smite Ai; make not all the people to toil thither; for they are but few.'

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**Who acts:** men, people, thousand men · **What happens:** return, say, not let, go up, let, smite · **To what, where:** Joshua, people, thousand men, Ai · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Joshua 7:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, people, thousand men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:130
# text = And they returned to Joshua, and said unto him: 'Let not all the people go up; but let about two or three thousand men go up and smite Ai; make not all the people to toil thither; for they are but few.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	_
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	_
13	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
15	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	17	det:predet	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
18	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
19	up	up	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
21	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
23	about	about	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	27	compound	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	conj	_	_
27	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	28	nummod	_	_
28	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
29	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	xcomp	_	_
30	up	up	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	smite	smite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	conj	_	_
33	Ai	Ai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
34	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	_
35	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
36	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	35	advmod	_	_
37	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	39	det:predet	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obj	_	_
40	to	to	PART	TO	_	41	mark	_	_
41	toil	toil	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	xcomp	_	_
42	thither	thither	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
43	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	48	punct	_	_
44	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	48	mark	_	_
45	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	48	nsubj	_	_
46	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	48	cop	_	_
47	but	but	ADV	RB	_	48	advmod	_	_
48	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	advcl	_	_
49	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
50	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: suggest
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **return** | past | men *= man* |  | Joshua |  |  |  | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to joshua=Result |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | men *= man* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto Joshua | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **let** | infinitive |  | all people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **go up** | infinitive | all people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 5 | **let** | infinitive |  | thousand men |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **go up** | infinitive | thousand men *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 7 | **smite** | infinitive | thousand men *not said here* | Ai |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus ai=Experiencer |
| 8 | **not** **make** | infinitive |  | all people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 9 | **not** **toil** | to-infinitive | all people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | thither *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 10 | **is** | present | men *= man* |  |  |  |  | but, few *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָיו֮ אַל־יַ֣עַל כָּל־הָעָם֒ כְּאַלְפַּ֣יִם אִ֗ישׁ א֚וֹ כִּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֣ים אִ֔ישׁ יַעֲל֖וּ וְיַכּ֣וּ אֶת־הָעָ֑י אַל־תְּיַגַּע־שָׁ֙מָּה֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֔ם כִּ֥י מְעַ֖ט הֵֽמָּה׃

[Joshua 7:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.7.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:130` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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