---
title: Joshua 7:7 (JPS 1917) — And Joshua said: 'Alas, O Lord GOD, wherefore hast Thou at all broug… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Joshua said: 'Alas, O Lord GOD, wherefore hast Thou at all brought this people over the Jordan, to deliver us into the hand of the Amorites, to cause us to perish? would that we had been content and dwelt beyond the Jordan! Who acts: Joshua, Thou, us, we. Joshua 7:7 in JPS 1917 with its dependen
---

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# Joshua 7:7 · JPS 1917

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And Joshua said: 'Alas, O Lord GOD, wherefore hast Thou at all brought this people over the Jordan, to deliver us into the hand of the Amorites, to cause us to perish? would that we had been content and dwelt beyond the Jordan!

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Joshua, Thou, us, we · **What happens:** say, bring, deliver, cause, perish, be · **To what, where:** people, Jordan, us, hand · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Joshua 7:7 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joshua, Thou, us, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:134
# text = And Joshua said: 'Alas, O Lord GOD, wherefore hast Thou at all brought this people over the Jordan, to deliver us into the hand of the Amorites, to cause us to perish? would that we had been content and dwelt beyond the Jordan!
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	_
6	Alas	alas	INTJ	UH	_	17	discourse	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	10	discourse	_	_
9	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	GOD	GOD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	vocative	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	wherefore	wherefore	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
13	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
14	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nsubj	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	all	all	ADV	DT	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
18	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	19	det	_	_
19	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
20	over	over	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	Jordan	Jordan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	deliver	deliver	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
26	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	obj	_	_
27	into	into	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	Amorites	Amorite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	to	to	PART	TO	_	35	mark	_	_
35	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	advcl	_	_
36	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	35	obj	_	_
37	to	to	PART	TO	_	38	mark	_	_
38	perish	perish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	xcomp	_	_
39	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
40	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	45	aux	_	_
41	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	45	mark	_	_
42	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	45	nsubj	_	_
43	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	45	aux	_	_
44	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	45	cop	_	_
45	content	content	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	parataxis	_	_
46	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
47	dwelt	dwell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	45	conj	_	_
48	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	Jordan	Jordan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	47	obl	_	_
51	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	45	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- indirect: yes
- teacher: changed act=ask, form=q, indirect=1

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Joshua |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **bring** | present · perfect | Thou |  | this people | the Jordan |  | Lord GOD *vocative*; all, wherefore *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument people=Destination |
| 3 | **deliver** | to-infinitive | Thou *not said here* | us |  | the hand of the Amorites |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Patient |
| 4 | **cause** | to-infinitive | Thou *not said here* | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **perish** | to-infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **is** | would · perfect | we |  |  |  |  | content *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **dwell** | participle | we *not said here* |  |  | the Jordan |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beyond jordan=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֲהָ֣הּ ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה לָ֠מָה הֵעֲבַ֨רְתָּ הַעֲבִ֜יר אֶת־הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן לָתֵ֥ת אֹתָ֛נוּ בְּיַ֥ד הָאֱמֹרִ֖י לְהַאֲבִידֵ֑נוּ וְלוּ֙ הוֹאַ֣לְנוּ וַנֵּ֔שֶׁב בְּעֵ֖בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃

[Joshua 7:7: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.7.7/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:134` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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