---
title: Joshua 7:8 (JPS 1917) — Oh, Lord, what shall I say, after that Israel hath turned their back… · tree and pragmatics
description: Oh, Lord, what shall I say, after that Israel hath turned their backs before their enemies! Who acts: I, Israel. Joshua 7:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 7:8 · JPS 1917

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Oh, Lord, what shall I say, after that Israel hath turned their backs before their enemies!

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**Who acts:** I, Israel · **What happens:** say, turn · **To what, where:** backs · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Joshua 7:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, Israel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:135
# text = Oh, Lord, what shall I say, after that Israel hath turned their backs before their enemies!
1	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	8	discourse	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	vocative	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	8	obj	_	_
6	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	after	after	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	backs	back	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	before	before	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
20	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: exclamation
- act: express
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | shall | I |  |  |  |  | Lord *vocative* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |
| 2 | **turn** | present · perfect | Israel | men's backs |  |  | before men's enemies |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent back=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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בִּ֖י אֲדֹנָ֑י מָ֣ה אֹמַ֔ר אַ֠חֲרֵי אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָפַ֧ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עֹ֖רֶף לִפְנֵ֥י אֹיְבָֽיו׃

[Joshua 7:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.7.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:135` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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