--- title: Joshua 8:1 (JPS 1917) — And the LORD said unto Joshua: 'Fear not, neither be thou dismayed;… · tree and pragmatics description: And the LORD said unto Joshua: 'Fear not, neither be thou dismayed; take all the people of war with thee, and arise, go up to Ai; see, I have given into thy hand the king of Ai, and his people, and his city, and his land. Who acts: LORD, I. Joshua 8:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pra --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.156/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/8/) / [8:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.1/) / JPS 1 # Joshua 8:1 · JPS 1917 And the LORD said unto Joshua: 'Fear not, neither be thou dismayed; take all the people of war with thee, and arise, go up to Ai; see, I have given into thy hand the king of Ai, and his people, and his city, and his land. **Who acts:** LORD, I · **What happens:** say, not fear, dismay, take, arise, go up · **To what, where:** thou, people, Ai, king, hand · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Joshua 8:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOS:156 # text = And the LORD said unto Joshua: 'Fear not, neither be thou dismayed; take all the people of war with thee, and arise, go up to Ai; see, I have given into thy hand the king of Ai, and his people, and his city, and his land. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 unto unto ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 Joshua Joshua PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 8 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 9 punct _ _ 9 Fear fear VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 ccomp _ _ 10 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 9 advmod _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 12 neither neither CCONJ CC Polarity=Neg 15 cc _ _ 13 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 15 aux:pass _ _ 14 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 15 nsubj:pass _ _ 15 dismayed dismay VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 conj _ _ 16 ; ; PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 17 take take VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 conj _ _ 18 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 20 det:predet _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obj _ _ 21 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nmod _ _ 23 with with ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 17 obl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 arise arise VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 17 conj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 29 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 conj _ _ 30 up up ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 31 to to ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 Ai Ai PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 33 ; ; PUNCT : _ 34 punct _ _ 34 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 conj _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 36 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ _ 37 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 aux _ _ 38 given give VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 34 ccomp _ _ 39 into into ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 41 nmod:poss _ _ 41 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obj _ _ 44 of of ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 45 Ai Ai PROPN NNP Number=Sing 43 nmod _ _ 46 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 47 and and CCONJ CC _ 49 cc _ _ 48 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 49 nmod:poss _ _ 49 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 43 conj _ _ 50 , , PUNCT , _ 53 punct _ _ 51 and and CCONJ CC _ 53 cc _ _ 52 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 53 nmod:poss _ _ 53 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 conj _ _ 54 , , PUNCT , _ 57 punct _ _ 55 and and CCONJ CC _ 57 cc _ _ 56 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 57 nmod:poss _ _ 57 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 conj _ _ 58 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD | | | | | unto Joshua | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **not** **fear** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **dismay** | infinitive · passive | | thou | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | | 4 | **take** | infinitive | | | all people of war | | | with thee | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument people=Destination | | 5 | **arise** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **go up** | infinitive | | | Ai | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 7 | **see** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 8 | **give** | present · perfect | I | the king of Ai and LORD's people and LORD's city and LORD's land | | thy hand | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent king=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ אַל־תִּירָ֣א וְאַל־תֵּחָ֔ת קַ֣ח עִמְּךָ֗ אֵ֚ת כָּל־עַ֣ם הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְק֖וּם עֲלֵ֣ה הָעָ֑י רְאֵ֣ה ׀ נָתַ֣תִּי בְיָדְךָ֗ אֶת־מֶ֤לֶךְ הָעַי֙ וְאֶת־עַמּ֔וֹ וְאֶת־עִיר֖וֹ וְאֶת־אַרְצֽוֹ׃ [Joshua 8:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.1/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:156` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Joshua 7:26 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.155/) - next →: [Joshua 8:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.157/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 8:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.1/)