---
title: Joshua 8:3 (JPS 1917) — So Joshua arose, and all the people of war, to go up to Ai; and Josh… · tree and pragmatics
description: So Joshua arose, and all the people of war, to go up to Ai; and Joshua chose out thirty thousand men, the mighty men of valour, and sent them forth by night. Who acts: Joshua. Joshua 8:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 8:3 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So Joshua arose, and all the people of war, to go up to Ai; and Joshua chose out thirty thousand men, the mighty men of valour, and sent them forth by night.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Joshua · **What happens:** arise, go up, choose out, send · **To what, where:** Ai, thousand men, men

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Joshua 8:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joshua), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:158
# text = So Joshua arose, and all the people of war, to go up to Ai; and Joshua chose out thirty thousand men, the mighty men of valour, and sent them forth by night.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	arose	arise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	8	det:predet	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
14	up	up	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Ai	Ai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	chose	choose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
21	out	out	ADP	RP	_	20	compound:prt	_	_
22	thirty	thirty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	23	compound	_	_
23	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nummod	_	_
24	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	appos	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	valour	valour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
34	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	obj	_	_
35	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
36	by	by	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arise** | past | Joshua |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go up** | to-infinitive | Joshua *not said here* |  | Ai |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **choose out** | past | Joshua | thousand men |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Theme |
| 4 | **send** | past | Joshua *not said here* | men *= man* |  |  | night | forth *property* | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיָּ֧קָם יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ וְכָל־עַ֥ם הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה לַעֲל֣וֹת הָעָ֑י וַיִּבְחַ֣ר יְ֠הוֹשֻׁעַ שְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים אֶ֤לֶף אִישׁ֙ גִּבּוֹרֵ֣י הַחַ֔יִל וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֖ם לָֽיְלָה׃

[Joshua 8:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:158` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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