---
title: Joshua 8:11 (JPS 1917) — And all the people, even the men of war that were with him, went up,… · tree and pragmatics
description: And all the people, even the men of war that were with him, went up, and drew nigh, and came before the city, and pitched on the north side of Ai — now there was a valley between him and Ai. Who acts: men, people. Joshua 8:11 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 8:11 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And all the people, even the men of war that were with him, went up, and drew nigh, and came before the city, and pitched on the north side of Ai — now there was a valley between him and Ai.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** men, people · **What happens:** be, go up, draw, come, pitch · **To what, where:** city, north side

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Joshua 8:11 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:166
# text = And all the people, even the men of war that were with him, went up, and drew nigh, and came before the city, and pitched on the north side of Ai — now there was a valley between him and Ai.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
2	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	4	det:predet	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	even	even	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	appos	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	acl:relcl	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	up	up	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
21	nigh	nigh	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
25	before	before	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	pitched	pitch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
31	on	on	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	north	north	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	Ai	Ai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
37	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	40	punct	_	_
38	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	40	advmod	_	_
39	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	40	expl	_	_
40	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	parataxis	_	_
41	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nsubj	_	_
43	between	between	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	nmod	_	_
45	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
46	Ai	Ai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	44	conj	_	_
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the men of war |  |  |  |  | with Joshua | tree rules |
| 2 | **go up** | past | all people |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **draw** | past | all people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | nigh *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **come** | past | all people *not said here* |  |  | the city |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before city=Location |
| 5 | **pitch** | past | all people *not said here* |  |  | the north side of Ai |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent on side=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְכָל־הָעָ֨ם הַמִּלְחָמָ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֗וֹ עָלוּ֙ וַֽיִּגְּשׁ֔וּ וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ נֶ֣גֶד הָעִ֑יר וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ מִצְּפ֣וֹן לָעַ֔י וְהַגַּ֖י בֵּינָ֥יו וּבֵין־הָעָֽי׃

[Joshua 8:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.11/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:166` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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