---
title: Joshua 8:12 (JPS 1917) — And he took about five thousand men, and set them in ambush between… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he took about five thousand men, and set them in ambush between Beth-el and Ai, on the west side of Ai. Who acts: valley. Joshua 8:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 8:12 · JPS 1917

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And he took about five thousand men, and set them in ambush between Beth-el and Ai, on the west side of Ai.

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**Who acts:** valley · **What happens:** take, set · **To what, where:** five men, men, ambush

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This is Joshua 8:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (valley), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:167
# text = And he took about five thousand men, and set them in ambush between Beth-el and Ai, on the west side of Ai.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
6	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	compound	_	_
7	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	set	set	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	ambush	ambush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	between	between	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	Beth	Beth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	_
17	el	el	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	Ai	Ai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	west	west	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Ai	Ai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=narrator

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | valley |  | five men |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument man=Destination |
| 2 | **set** | past | valley *not said here* | men *= man* |  | ambush |  | between Beth el and Ai; on the west side of Ai | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme on side=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיִּקַּ֕ח כַּחֲמֵ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִ֑ישׁ וַיָּ֨שֶׂם אוֹתָ֜ם אֹרֵ֗ב בֵּ֧ין בֵּֽית־אֵ֛לבֵּֽית־אֵ֛ל וּבֵ֥ין הָעַ֖י מִיָּ֥ם לָעִֽיר׃

[Joshua 8:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:167` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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