---
title: Joshua 8:13 (JPS 1917) — So the people set themselves in array, even all the host that was on… · tree and pragmatics
description: So the people set themselves in array, even all the host that was on the north of the city, their rear lying in wait on the west of the city; and Joshua went that night into the midst of the vale. Who acts: people, host, rear, Joshua. Joshua 8:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# Joshua 8:13 · JPS 1917

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So the people set themselves in array, even all the host that was on the north of the city, their rear lying in wait on the west of the city; and Joshua went that night into the midst of the vale.

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**Who acts:** people, host, rear, Joshua · **What happens:** set, be, lie, go · **To what, where:** people, array, north, wait, midst

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This is Joshua 8:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, host, rear, Joshua), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:168
# text = So the people set themselves in array, even all the host that was on the north of the city, their rear lying in wait on the west of the city; and Joshua went that night into the midst of the vale.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	set	set	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	array	array	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	even	even	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	12	det:predet	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	acl:relcl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	rear	rear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
24	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	advcl	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	wait	wait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
27	on	on	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	west	west	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
33	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	nsubj	_	_
36	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
37	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	38	det	_	_
38	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl:unmarked	_	_
39	into	into	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	midst	midst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	vale	vale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nmod	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | past | the people | people |  | array |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme in array=Destination |
| 2 | **is** | past | all host |  |  | the north |  | of the city | tree rules |
| 3 | **lie** | gerund | people's rear |  |  | wait |  | on the west of the city | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in wait=Location |
| 4 | **go** | past | Joshua |  |  | the midst of the vale | night |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into midst=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיָּשִׂ֨ימוּ הָעָ֜ם אֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֗ה אֲשֶׁר֙ מִצְּפ֣וֹן לָעִ֔יר וְאֶת־עֲקֵב֖וֹ מִיָּ֣ם לָעִ֑יר וַיֵּ֧לֶךְ יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ בַּלַּ֥יְלָה הַה֖וּא בְּת֥וֹךְ הָעֵֽמֶק׃

[Joshua 8:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:168` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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