---
title: Joshua 8:18 (JPS 1917) — And the LORD said unto Joshua: 'Stretch out the javelin that is in t… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the LORD said unto Joshua: 'Stretch out the javelin that is in thy hand toward Ai; for I will give it into thy hand.' And Joshua stretched out the javelin that was in his hand toward the city. Who acts: LORD, javelin, I, Joshua. Joshua 8:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics
---

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# Joshua 8:18 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the LORD said unto Joshua: 'Stretch out the javelin that is in thy hand toward Ai; for I will give it into thy hand.' And Joshua stretched out the javelin that was in his hand toward the city.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** LORD, javelin, I, Joshua · **What happens:** say, stretch out, be, give · **To what, where:** javelin, hand · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Joshua 8:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, javelin, I, Joshua), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:173
# text = And the LORD said unto Joshua: 'Stretch out the javelin that is in thy hand toward Ai; for I will give it into thy hand.' And Joshua stretched out the javelin that was in his hand toward the city.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Stretch	stretch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	javelin	javelin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	acl:relcl	_	_
18	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Ai	AI	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
21	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	_
26	into	into	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
30	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
31	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
32	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
33	stretched	stretch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
34	out	out	ADP	RP	_	33	compound:prt	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	javelin	javelin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	_
37	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	41	nsubj	_	_
38	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	cop	_	_
39	in	in	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	41	nmod:poss	_	_
41	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	acl:relcl	_	_
42	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=decl, act=narrate, voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD |  |  |  |  | unto Joshua | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **stretch out** | infinitive |  | the javelin |  |  |  | toward Ai | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent javelin=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | present | the javelin |  |  | thy hand |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **give** | future | I | javelin |  | thy hand |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 5 | **stretch out** | past | Joshua | the javelin |  |  |  | toward the city | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent javelin=Patient |
| 6 | **is** | past | the javelin |  |  | Joshua's hand |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ נְ֠טֵה בַּכִּיד֤וֹן אֲשֶׁר־בְּיָֽדְךָ֙ אֶל־הָעַ֔י כִּ֥י בְיָדְךָ֖ אֶתְּנֶ֑נָּה וַיֵּ֧ט יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ בַּכִּיד֥וֹן אֲשֶׁר־בְּיָד֖וֹ אֶל־הָעִֽיר׃

[Joshua 8:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:173` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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