--- title: Joshua 8:21 (JPS 1917) — And when Joshua and all Israel saw that the ambush had taken the cit… · tree and pragmatics description: And when Joshua and all Israel saw that the ambush had taken the city, and that the smoke of the city ascended, then they turned back, and slew the men of Ai. Who acts: Israel, ambush, smoke, men. Joshua 8:21 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.176/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/8/) / [8:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.21/) / JPS 1 # Joshua 8:21 · JPS 1917 And when Joshua and all Israel saw that the ambush had taken the city, and that the smoke of the city ascended, then they turned back, and slew the men of Ai. **Who acts:** Israel, ambush, smoke, men, city · **What happens:** see, take, ascend, turn back, slay, smoke · **To what, where:** city, men · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Joshua 8:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Israel, ambush, smoke, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOS:176 # text = And when Joshua and all Israel saw that the ambush had taken the city, and that the smoke of the city ascended, then they turned back, and slew the men of Ai. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 2 when when SCONJ WRB _ 7 mark _ _ 3 Joshua Joshua PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 conj _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 5 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 6 det _ _ 6 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 7 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 advcl _ _ 8 that that SCONJ IN _ 12 mark _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 ambush ambush NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 11 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 aux _ _ 12 taken take VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 7 ccomp _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 17 that that SCONJ IN _ 23 mark _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 smoke smoke NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 23 ascended ascend VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 ccomp _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 25 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 27 advmod _ _ 26 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 27 turned turn VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 28 back back ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 slew slay VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 conj _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obj _ _ 34 of of ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 Ai Ai PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 nmod _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 27 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **see** | past | all Israel and Joshua | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 2 | **take** | past · perfect | the ambush | the city | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Theme | | 3 | **ascend** | past | the smoke of the city | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **turn back** | past | men *= man* | | | | then | | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **slay** | past | men *= man* *not said here* | the men of Ai | | | | | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Patient | | 6 | **smoke** | | the city | | | | | | nom smoke «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וִיהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ וְכָֽל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל רָא֗וּ כִּֽי־לָכַ֤ד הָֽאֹרֵב֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וְכִ֥י עָלָ֖ה עֲשַׁ֣ן הָעִ֑יר וַיָּשֻׁ֕בוּ וַיַּכּ֖וּ אֶת־אַנְשֵׁ֥י הָעָֽי׃ [Joshua 8:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.21/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:176` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Joshua 8:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.175/) - next →: [Joshua 8:22 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.177/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 8:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.21/)