--- title: Joshua 8:24 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass, when Israel had made an end of slaying all the… · tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, when Israel had made an end of slaying all the inhabitants of Ai in the field, even in the wilderness wherein they pursued them, and they were all fallen by the edge of the sword, until they were consumed, that all Israel returned unto Ai, and smote it with the edge of the sword --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.179/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/8/) / [8:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.24/) / JPS 1 # Joshua 8:24 · JPS 1917 And it came to pass, when Israel had made an end of slaying all the inhabitants of Ai in the field, even in the wilderness wherein they pursued them, and they were all fallen by the edge of the sword, until they were consumed, that all Israel returned unto Ai, and smote it with the edge of the sword. **Who acts:** other, Israel, end, men, edge · **What happens:** come, pass, make, slay, pursue, fall · **To what, where:** end, inhabitants, field, men, other This is Joshua 8:24 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (other, Israel, end, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOS:179 # text = And it came to pass, when Israel had made an end of slaying all the inhabitants of Ai in the field, even in the wilderness wherein they pursued them, and they were all fallen by the edge of the sword, until they were consumed, that all Israel returned unto Ai, and smote it with the edge of the sword. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 pass pass VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 7 when when SCONJ WRB _ 10 mark _ _ 8 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 9 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _ 10 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ _ 11 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 end end NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 13 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 slaying slay VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 12 acl _ _ 15 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 17 det:predet _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 inhabitants inhabitant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obj _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 Ai Ai PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 nmod _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 field field NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 24 even even ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 25 in in ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 wilderness wilderness NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 28 wherein wherein ADV WRB PronType=Rel 30 advmod _ _ 29 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 30 pursued pursue VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 acl:relcl _ _ 31 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 34 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj:pass _ _ 35 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 37 aux:pass _ _ 36 all all ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 37 fallen fall VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 conj _ _ 38 by by ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 edge edge NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obl _ _ 41 of of ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 nmod _ _ 44 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 45 until until SCONJ IN _ 48 mark _ _ 46 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 48 nsubj:pass _ _ 47 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 48 aux:pass _ _ 48 consumed consume VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 37 advcl _ _ 49 , , PUNCT , _ 53 punct _ _ 50 that that SCONJ IN _ 53 mark _ _ 51 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 52 det _ _ 52 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 53 nsubj _ _ 53 returned return VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 54 unto unto ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 55 Ai Ai PROPN NNP Number=Sing 53 obl _ _ 56 , , PUNCT , _ 58 punct _ _ 57 and and CCONJ CC _ 58 cc _ _ 58 smote smote VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 53 conj _ _ 59 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 58 obj _ _ 60 with with ADP IN _ 62 case _ _ 61 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 62 det _ _ 62 edge edge NOUN NN Number=Sing 58 obl _ _ 63 of of ADP IN _ 65 case _ _ 64 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 65 det _ _ 65 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 62 nmod _ _ 66 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | other | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | other *not said here* | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **make** | past · perfect | Israel | a end | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent end=Product | | 4 | **slay** | gerund | a end *not said here* | all inhabitants of Ai | | the field | | in the wilderness | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent inhabitant=Patient | | 5 | **pursue** | past | men *= man* | inhabitants *= inhabitant* | | | | wherein *property* | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | | 6 | **fall** | past · passive | the edge of the sword | men *= man* | | | | all *property* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient subject=Result | | 7 | **consume** | past · passive | | men *= man* | | | | | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset | | 8 | **return** | past | all Israel | | | | | unto Ai | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 9 | **smote** | past | all Israel *not said here* | other | | | | with the edge of the sword | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיְהִ֣י כְּכַלּ֣וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל לַהֲרֹג֩ אֶת־כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֨י הָעַ֜י בַּשָּׂדֶ֗ה בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רְדָפ֣וּם בּ֔וֹ וַֽיִּפְּל֥וּ כֻלָּ֛ם לְפִי־חֶ֖רֶב עַד־תֻּמָּ֑ם וַיָּשֻׁ֤בוּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הָעַ֔י וַיַּכּ֥וּ אֹתָ֖הּ לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃ [Joshua 8:24: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.24/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:179` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Joshua 8:23 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.178/) - next →: [Joshua 8:25 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.180/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 8:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.24/)