---
title: Joshua 8:29 (JPS 1917) — And the king of Ai he hanged on a tree until the eventide; and at th… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the king of Ai he hanged on a tree until the eventide; and at the going down of the sun Joshua commanded, and they took his carcass down from the tree, and cast it at the entrance of the gate of the city, and raised thereon a great heap of stones, unto this day. Who acts: Joshua, king. Joshua 8:
---

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# Joshua 8:29 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the king of Ai he hanged on a tree until the eventide; and at the going down of the sun Joshua commanded, and they took his carcass down from the tree, and cast it at the entrance of the gate of the city, and raised thereon a great heap of stones, unto this day.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Joshua, king · **What happens:** hang, command, take down, cast, raise · **To what, where:** tree, going, carcass, entrance, great heap · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Joshua 8:29 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joshua, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:184
# text = And the king of Ai he hanged on a tree until the eventide; and at the going down of the sun Joshua commanded, and they took his carcass down from the tree, and cast it at the entrance of the gate of the city, and raised thereon a great heap of stones, unto this day.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	dislocated	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Ai	Ai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	hanged	hang	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	until	until	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	eventide	eventide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
16	at	at	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	going	go	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
19	down	down	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
23	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
24	commanded	command	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	conj	_	_
29	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	carcass	carcass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
31	down	down	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
32	from	from	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	cast	cast	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	conj	_	_
38	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	obj	_	_
39	at	at	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	entrance	entrance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nmod	_	_
45	of	of	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nmod	_	_
48	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
49	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
50	raised	raise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	conj	_	_
51	thereon	thereon	ADV	RB	_	50	advmod	_	_
52	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
53	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	54	amod	_	_
54	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	obj	_	_
55	of	of	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
56	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	54	nmod	_	_
57	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	60	punct	_	_
58	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	60	case	_	_
59	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	60	det	_	_
60	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	obl	_	_
61	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | past | Joshua |  |  | a tree | until the eventide | the king of Ai *dislocated* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on tree=Location |
| 2 | **command** | past | Joshua |  |  | the going down the sun |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.predicate»: agent=Agent at go=Eventuality |
| 3 | **take down** | past | king | Joshua's carcass |  | the tree |  | down *property* | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent carcass=Theme |
| 4 | **cast** | past | king *not said here* | carcass |  | the entrance of the gate of the city |  |  | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent it=Theme at entrance=Destination |
| 5 | **raise** | past | king *not said here* | a great heap of stones |  |  | day | thereon *property* | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heap=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאֶת־מֶ֧לֶךְ הָעַ֛י תָּלָ֥ה עַל־הָעֵ֖ץ עַד־עֵ֣ת הָעָ֑רֶב וּכְב֣וֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ֩ צִוָּ֨ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ וַיֹּרִ֧ידוּ אֶת־נִבְלָת֣וֹ מִן־הָעֵ֗ץ וַיַּשְׁלִ֤יכוּ אוֹתָהּ֙ אֶל־פֶּ֙תַח֙ שַׁ֣עַר הָעִ֔יר וַיָּקִ֤ימוּ עָלָיו֙ גַּל־אֲבָנִ֣ים גָּד֔וֹל עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃פ

[Joshua 8:29: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.29/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:184` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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