--- title: Joshua 8:31 (JPS 1917) — as Moses the servant of the LORD commanded the children of Israel, a… · tree and pragmatics description: as Moses the servant of the LORD commanded the children of Israel, as it is written in the book of the law of Moses, an altar of unhewn stones, upon which no man had lifted up any iron; and they offered thereon burnt-offerings unto the LORD, and sacrificed peace-offerings. Who acts: Moses, man, men. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.186/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/8/) / [8:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.31/) / JPS 1 # Joshua 8:31 · JPS 1917 as Moses the servant of the LORD commanded the children of Israel, as it is written in the book of the law of Moses, an altar of unhewn stones, upon which no man had lifted up any iron; and they offered thereon burnt-offerings unto the LORD, and sacrificed peace-offerings. **Who acts:** Moses, man, men · **What happens:** command, write, lift up, offer, burn, sacrifice · **To what, where:** children, servant, book, iron, altar, burnt offerings · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Joshua 8:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moses, man, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOS:186 # text = as Moses the servant of the LORD commanded the children of Israel, as it is written in the book of the law of Moses, an altar of unhewn stones, upon which no man had lifted up any iron; and they offered thereon burnt-offerings unto the LORD, and sacrificed peace-offerings. 1 as as SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _ 2 Moses Moses PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 servant servant NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 appos _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 8 commanded command VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obj _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 14 as as SCONJ IN _ 17 mark _ _ 15 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj:pass _ _ 16 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 aux:pass _ _ 17 written write VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 advcl _ _ 18 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 book book NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 21 of of ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 law law NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nmod _ _ 24 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 Moses Moses PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 nmod _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 27 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 altar altar NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 appos _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 unhewn unhewn ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 stones stone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nmod _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 33 upon upon ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 38 obl _ _ 35 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 36 det _ _ 36 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ _ 37 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 38 aux _ _ 38 lifted lift VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 28 acl:relcl _ _ 39 up up ADP RP _ 38 compound:prt _ _ 40 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 41 det _ _ 41 iron iron NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obj _ _ 42 ; ; PUNCT : _ 45 punct _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 44 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 nsubj _ _ 45 offered offer VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 46 thereon thereon ADV RB _ 45 advmod _ _ 47 burnt burn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 49 amod _ _ 48 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 47 punct _ _ 49 offerings offering NOUN NNS Number=Plur 45 obj _ _ 50 unto unto ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 51 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 52 det _ _ 52 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 45 obl _ _ 53 , , PUNCT , _ 55 punct _ _ 54 and and CCONJ CC _ 55 cc _ _ 55 sacrificed sacrifice VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 45 conj _ _ 56 peace peace NOUN NN Number=Sing 58 compound _ _ 57 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 56 punct _ _ 58 offerings offering NOUN NNS Number=Plur 55 obj _ _ 59 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **command** | past | Moses | the children of Israel | | | | | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent child=Theme | | 2 | **write** | present · passive | | servant | | the book of the law of Moses | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in book=Destination | | 3 | **lift up** | past · perfect | no man | any iron | | a altar of unhewn stones | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent iron=Theme upon which=Destination | | 4 | **offer** | past | men *= man* | burnt offerings | | | | unto the LORD; thereon *property* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent offering=Theme | | 5 | **burn** | participle | | | | | | | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **sacrifice** | past | men *= man* *not said here* | peace offerings | | | | | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent offering=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּה֩ מֹשֶׁ֨ה עֶֽבֶד־יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כַּכָּתוּב֙ בְּסֵ֙פֶר֙ תּוֹרַ֣ת מֹשֶׁ֔ה מִזְבַּח֙ אֲבָנִ֣ים שְׁלֵמ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־הֵנִ֥יף עֲלֵיהֶ֖ן בַּרְזֶ֑ל וַיַּעֲל֨וּ עָלָ֤יו עֹלוֹת֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וַֽיִּזְבְּח֖וּ שְׁלָמִֽים׃ [Joshua 8:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.31/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:186` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Joshua 8:30 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.185/) - next →: [Joshua 8:32 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.187/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 8:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.31/)