---
title: Joshua 2:1 (JPS 1917) — And Joshua the son of Nun sent out of Shittim two spies secretly, sa… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Joshua the son of Nun sent out of Shittim two spies secretly, saying: 'Go view the land, and Jericho.' And they went, and came into the house of a harlot whose name was Rahab, and lay there. Who acts: Joshua, land, name, Rahab. Joshua 2:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o
---

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# Joshua 2:1 · JPS 1917

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And Joshua the son of Nun sent out of Shittim two spies secretly, saying: 'Go view the land, and Jericho.' And they went, and came into the house of a harlot whose name was Rahab, and lay there.

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**Who acts:** Joshua, land, name, Rahab · **What happens:** send, say, go, view, come, be · **To what, where:** two spies, Shittim, land, house, Rahab · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Joshua 2:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joshua, land, name, Rahab), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:19
# text = And Joshua the son of Nun sent out of Shittim two spies secretly, saying: 'Go view the land, and Jericho.' And they went, and came into the house of a harlot whose name was Rahab, and lay there.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Nun	Nun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	Shittim	Shittim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	spies	spy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
13	secretly	secretly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	_
18	Go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	ccomp	_	_
19	view	view	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	Jericho	Jericho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
26	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
27	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	conj	_	_
33	into	into	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	harlot	harlot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	_
39	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	40	nmod:poss	_	_
40	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nsubj	_	_
41	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	42	cop	_	_
42	Rahab	Rahab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	acl:relcl	_	_
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
45	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	conj	_	_
46	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	45	advmod	_	_
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | Joshua | two spies |  | Shittim |  | secretly *property* | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent spy=Theme out shittim=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Joshua *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **go** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **view** | infinitive |  | the land and Jericho |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer land=Stimulus |
| 5 | **go** | past | land |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **come** | past | land *not said here* |  |  | the house of a harlot |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into house=Initial\_Location |
| 7 | **is a** | past | Rahab's name | Rahab |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **lie** | past | land *not said here* |  |  | there |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 9 | **name** |  | Rahab |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ־בִּן־נ֠וּן מִֽן־הַשִּׁטִּ֞ים שְׁנַֽיִם־אֲנָשִׁ֤ים מְרַגְּלִים֙ חֶ֣רֶשׁ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְכ֛וּ רְא֥וּ אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ וְאֶת־יְרִיח֑וֹ וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ וַ֠יָּבֹאוּ בֵּית־אִשָּׁ֥ה זוֹנָ֛ה וּשְׁמָ֥הּ רָחָ֖ב וַיִּשְׁכְּבוּ־שָֽׁמָּה׃

[Joshua 2:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:19` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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