--- title: Joshua 9:1 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass, when all the kings that were beyond the Jordan,… · tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, when all the kings that were beyond the Jordan, in the hill-country, and in the Lowland, and on all the shore of the Great Sea in front of Lebanon, the Hittite, and the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, heard thereof, Who acts: it, kings. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it, kings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOS:191 # text = And it came to pass, when all the kings that were beyond the Jordan, in the hill-country, and in the Lowland, and on all the shore of the Great Sea in front of Lebanon, the Hittite, and the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, heard thereof, 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 pass pass VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 62 punct _ _ 7 when when SCONJ WRB _ 62 mark _ _ 8 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 10 det:predet _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 kings king NOUN NNS Number=Plur 62 nsubj _ _ 11 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 15 nsubj _ _ 12 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 cop _ _ 13 beyond beyond ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 Jordan Jordan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 acl:relcl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 17 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 19 hill hill NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 compound _ _ 20 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 19 punct _ _ 21 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 24 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 Lowland Lowland PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 conj _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 29 on on ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 30 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 32 det:predet _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 shore shore NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 33 of of ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 35 Great Great PROPN NNP _ 36 flat _ _ 36 Sea Sea PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 nmod _ _ 37 in in ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 front front NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nmod _ _ 39 of of ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 Lebanon Lebanon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 38 nmod _ _ 41 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 Hittite hittite PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 44 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ _ 45 and and CCONJ CC _ 47 cc _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 Amorite amorite PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 48 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 49 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 50 det _ _ 50 Canaanite canaanite PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 51 , , PUNCT , _ 53 punct _ _ 52 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 53 det _ _ 53 Perizzite Perizzite PROPN NNP Number=Sing 50 conj _ _ 54 , , PUNCT , _ 56 punct _ _ 55 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 56 det _ _ 56 Hivite Hivite PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 57 , , PUNCT , _ 60 punct _ _ 58 and and CCONJ CC _ 60 cc _ _ 59 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 60 det _ _ 60 Jebusite Jebusite PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 61 , , PUNCT , _ 62 punct _ _ 62 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 csubj _ _ 63 thereof thereof ADV RB _ 62 advmod _ _ 64 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: pos - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | it | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **is** | past | all kings and all shore of the Great Sea in front of Lebanon and the Hittite and the Amorite and the Canaanite and the Perizzite and the Hivite and the Jebusite | | | the hill country and the Lowland | | beyond the Jordan | tree rules | | 4 | **hear** | past | all kings and all shore of the Great Sea in front of Lebanon and the Hittite and the Amorite and the Canaanite and the Perizzite and the Hivite and the Jebusite | | | | | thereof *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיְהִ֣י כִשְׁמֹ֣עַ כָּֽל־הַמְּלָכִ֡ים אֲשֶׁר֩ בְּעֵ֨בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן בָּהָ֣ר וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֗ה וּבְכֹל֙ ח֚וֹף הַיָּ֣ם הַגָּד֔וֹל אֶל־מ֖וּל הַלְּבָנ֑וֹן הַֽחִתִּי֙ וְהָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ הַפְּרִזִּ֔י הַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ [Joshua 9:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.9.1/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:191` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Joshua 8:35 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.190/) - next →: [Joshua 9:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.192/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 9:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.9.1/)