---
title: Joshua 9:3 (JPS 1917) — But when the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done unto J… · tree and pragmatics
description: But when the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done unto Jericho and to Ai, Who acts: inhabitants, Joshua. Joshua 9:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.193/)

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# Joshua 9:3 · JPS 1917

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But when the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done unto Jericho and to Ai,

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**Who acts:** inhabitants, Joshua · **What happens:** hear, do · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Joshua 9:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (inhabitants, Joshua), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:193
# text = But when the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done unto Jericho and to Ai,
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Gibeon	Gibeon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	11	obj	_	_
9	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	ccomp	_	_
12	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Jericho	Jericho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Ai	Ai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=narrator

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | the inhabitants of Gibeon |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **do** | past · perfect | Joshua |  |  |  |  | unto Jericho and Ai | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְיֹשְׁבֵ֨י גִבְע֜וֹן שָׁמְע֗וּ אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֧ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ לִֽירִיח֖וֹ וְלָעָֽי׃

[Joshua 9:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.9.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:193` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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