--- title: Joshua 9:4 (JPS 1917) — they also did work wilily, and went and made as if they had been amb… · tree and pragmatics description: they also did work wilily, and went and made as if they had been ambassadors, and took old sacks upon their asses, and wine skins, worn and rent and patched up; Who acts: Joshua. Joshua 9:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.194/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/9/) / [9:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.9.4/) / JPS 1 # Joshua 9:4 · JPS 1917 they also did work wilily, and went and made as if they had been ambassadors, and took old sacks upon their asses, and wine skins, worn and rent and patched up; **Who acts:** Joshua · **What happens:** work, go, make, be, take, wear · **To what, where:** ambassadors, old sacks, wine skins This is Joshua 9:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joshua), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOS:194 # text = they also did work wilily, and went and made as if they had been ambassadors, and took old sacks upon their asses, and wine skins, worn and rent and patched up; 1 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 2 also also ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 3 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 work work VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 wilily wilily ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 11 as as SCONJ IN _ 12 fixed _ _ 12 if if SCONJ IN _ 16 mark _ _ 13 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 14 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 aux _ _ 15 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 16 cop _ _ 16 ambassadors ambassador NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 advcl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 20 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 sacks sack NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ _ 22 upon upon ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ _ 24 asses ass NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 27 wine wine NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 28 skins skin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 conj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 30 worn wear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 28 acl _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 rent rent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 conj _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 34 patched patch VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 30 conj _ _ 35 up up ADP RP _ 34 compound:prt _ _ 36 ; ; PUNCT : _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **work** | past · do-support | Joshua | | | | | wilily *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **go** | past | Joshua *not said here* | | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **make** | past | Joshua *not said here* | | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | | 4 | **is a** *a condition, not said to happen* | past · perfect | Joshua | ambassadors | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **take** | past | Joshua *not said here* | old sacks and wine skins | | | | upon Joshua's asses | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sack=Theme | | 6 | **wear** | participle | | wine skins *not said here* | | | | | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **patch up** | participle | | | | | | | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיַּעֲשׂ֤וּ גַם־הֵ֙מָּה֙ בְּעָרְמָ֔ה וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ וַיִּצְטַיָּ֑רוּ וַיִּקְח֞וּ שַׂקִּ֤ים בָּלִים֙ לַחֲמ֣וֹרֵיהֶ֔ם וְנֹאד֥וֹת יַ֙יִן֙ בָּלִ֔ים וּמְבֻקָּעִ֖ים וּמְצֹרָרִֽים׃ [Joshua 9:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.9.4/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:194` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Joshua 9:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.193/) - next →: [Joshua 9:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.195/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 9:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.9.4/)