---
title: Joshua 9:8 (JPS 1917) — And they said unto Joshua: 'We are thy servants.' And Joshua said un… · tree and pragmatics
description: And they said unto Joshua: 'We are thy servants.' And Joshua said unto them: 'Who are ye? and from whence come ye?' Who acts: men, We, Joshua, ye. Joshua 9:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 9:8 · JPS 1917

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And they said unto Joshua: 'We are thy servants.' And Joshua said unto them: 'Who are ye? and from whence come ye?'

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**Who acts:** men, We, Joshua, ye · **What happens:** say, be, come · **To what, where:** servants · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Joshua 9:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, We, Joshua, ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:198
# text = And they said unto Joshua: 'We are thy servants.' And Joshua said unto them: 'Who are ye? and from whence come ye?'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	_
8	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	ccomp	_	_
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
13	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
14	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	_
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
20	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	_
21	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	16	ccomp	_	_
22	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
23	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	21	nsubj	_	_
24	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
26	from	from	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	whence	whence	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	28	advmod	_	_
28	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
29	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	28	nsubj	_	_
30	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
31	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- indirect: yes
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | men *= man* |  |  |  |  | unto Joshua | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | We | thy servants |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Joshua |  |  |  |  | unto men *= man* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** | present | ye |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **come** | present | ye |  |  |  |  | whence *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ עֲבָדֶ֣יךָ אֲנָ֑חְנוּ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֧ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ מִ֥י אַתֶּ֖ם וּמֵאַ֥יִן תָּבֹֽאוּ׃

[Joshua 9:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.9.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:198` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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