---
title: Joshua 9:11 (JPS 1917) — And our elders and all the inhabitants of our country spoke to us, s… · tree and pragmatics
description: And our elders and all the inhabitants of our country spoke to us, saying: Take provision in your hand for the journey, and go to meet them, and say unto them: We are your servants; and now make ye a covenant with us. Who acts: elders, We, ye. Joshua 9:11 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the
---

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# Joshua 9:11 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And our elders and all the inhabitants of our country spoke to us, saying: Take provision in your hand for the journey, and go to meet them, and say unto them: We are your servants; and now make ye a covenant with us.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** elders, We, ye · **What happens:** speak, say, take, go, meet, be · **To what, where:** us, provision, hand, elders, servants, covenant · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Joshua 9:11 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elders, We, ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:201
# text = And our elders and all the inhabitants of our country spoke to us, saying: Take provision in your hand for the journey, and go to meet them, and say unto them: We are your servants; and now make ye a covenant with us.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
2	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	elders	elder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
17	Take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	ccomp	_	_
18	provision	provision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
22	for	for	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	journey	journey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	meet	meet	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	xcomp	_	_
30	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	obj	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
34	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	obl	_	_
36	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	40	punct	_	_
37	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
38	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	40	cop	_	_
39	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	40	nmod:poss	_	_
40	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	parataxis	_	_
41	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	44	punct	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
43	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	44	advmod	_	_
44	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
45	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	44	nsubj	_	_
46	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	covenant	covenant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	obj	_	_
48	with	with	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
49	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	44	obl	_	_
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | our elders and all inhabitants of our country |  | us |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to we=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | our elders and all inhabitants of our country *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **take** | infinitive |  | provision |  | your hand |  | for the journey | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent provision=Value in hand=Location |
| 4 | **go** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **meet** | to-infinitive |  | elders *= elder* |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Co-Agent |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | unto elders *= elder* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **is a** | present | We | your servants |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **make** | infinitive | ye | a covenant |  |  | now | with us | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset covenant=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלֵ֡ינוּ זְֽקֵינֵינוּ֩ וְכָל־יֹשְׁבֵ֨י אַרְצֵ֜נוּ לֵאמֹ֗ר קְח֨וּ בְיֶדְכֶ֤ם צֵידָה֙ לַדֶּ֔רֶךְ וּלְכ֖וּ לִקְרָאתָ֑ם וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֤ם אֲלֵיהֶם֙ עַבְדֵיכֶ֣ם אֲנַ֔חְנוּ וְעַתָּ֖ה כִּרְתוּ־לָ֥נוּ בְרִֽית׃

[Joshua 9:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.9.11/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:201` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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