---
title: Joshua 9:18 (JPS 1917) — And the children of Israel smote them not, because the princes of th… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the children of Israel smote them not, because the princes of the congregation had sworn unto them by the LORD, the God of Israel. Who acts: children, princes. Joshua 9:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 9:18 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

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And the children of Israel smote them not, because the princes of the congregation had sworn unto them by the LORD, the God of Israel.

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**Who acts:** children, princes · **What happens:** not smite, swear · **To what, where:** cities

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This is Joshua 9:18 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (children, princes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:210
# text = And the children of Israel smote them not, because the princes of the congregation had sworn unto them by the LORD, the God of Israel.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	smote	smite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
10	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	congregation	congregation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	sworn	swear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
18	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obl	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **smite** | past | the children of Israel | cities *= city* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer |
| 2 | **swear** | past · perfect | the princes of the congregation |  |  |  |  | unto children *= child*; by the LORD | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְלֹ֤א הִכּוּם֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּֽי־נִשְׁבְּע֤וּ לָהֶם֙ נְשִׂיאֵ֣י הָֽעֵדָ֔ה בַּֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּלֹּ֥נוּ כָל־הָעֵדָ֖ה עַל־הַנְּשִׂיאִֽים׃

[Joshua 9:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.9.18/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. **And the children of Israel smote them not, because the princes of the congregation had sworn unto them by the LORD, the God of Israel.**
2. [And all the congregation murmured against the princes.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.211/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:210` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Joshua 9:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.209/)
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