---
title: Joshua 9:18 (JPS 1917) — And all the congregation murmured against the princes. · tree and pragmatics
description: And all the congregation murmured against the princes. Who acts: congregation. Joshua 9:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 9:18 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

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And all the congregation murmured against the princes.

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**Who acts:** congregation · **What happens:** murmur

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This is Joshua 9:18 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (congregation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:211
# text = And all the congregation murmured against the princes.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	4	det:predet	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	congregation	congregation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	murmured	murmur	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **murmur** *speech: other* | past | all congregation |  |  |  |  | against the princes | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against prince=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְלֹ֤א הִכּוּם֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּֽי־נִשְׁבְּע֤וּ לָהֶם֙ נְשִׂיאֵ֣י הָֽעֵדָ֔ה בַּֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּלֹּ֥נוּ כָל־הָעֵדָ֖ה עַל־הַנְּשִׂיאִֽים׃

[Joshua 9:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.9.18/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. [And the children of Israel smote them not, because the princes of the congregation had sworn unto them by the LORD, the God of Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.210/)
2. **And all the congregation murmured against the princes.**

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:211` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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