--- title: Joshua 10:1 (JPS 1917) — Now it came to pass, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Jo… · tree and pragmatics description: Now it came to pass, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them; Who acts: it, Adoni king, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.221/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/) / [10:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.1/) / JPS 1 # Joshua 10:1 · JPS 1917 Now it came to pass, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them; **Who acts:** it, Adoni king, Joshua, inhabitants · **What happens:** come, pass, hear, take, destroy, do · **To what, where:** Ai, it, Jericho, peace · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Joshua 10:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it, Adoni king, Joshua, inhabitants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOS:221 # text = Now it came to pass, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them; 1 Now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 3 advmod _ _ 2 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 pass pass VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 7 when when SCONJ WRB _ 14 mark _ _ 8 Adoni Adoni PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 9 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 8 punct _ _ 10 zedek zedek PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 flat _ _ 11 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 Jerusalem Jerusalem PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 14 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 15 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 18 advmod _ _ 16 Joshua Joshua PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 17 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 18 taken take VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 14 ccomp _ _ 19 Ai AI PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 22 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 23 utterly utterly ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 24 destroyed destroy VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 14 conj _ _ 25 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT : _ 30 punct _ _ 27 as as SCONJ IN _ 30 mark _ _ 28 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 29 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 aux _ _ 30 done do VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 40 advcl _ _ 31 to to ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 Jericho Jericho PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 34 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ _ 35 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 conj _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 37 so so ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 38 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ _ 39 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 40 aux _ _ 40 done do VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 parataxis _ _ 41 to to ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 Ai Ai PROPN NNP Number=Sing 40 obl _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 44 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 45 nmod:poss _ _ 45 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 conj _ _ 46 ; ; PUNCT : _ 54 punct _ _ 47 and and CCONJ CC _ 54 cc _ _ 48 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 54 advmod _ _ 49 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 50 det _ _ 50 inhabitants inhabitant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 54 nsubj _ _ 51 of of ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 52 Gibeon Gibeon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 50 nmod _ _ 53 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 54 aux _ _ 54 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 40 conj _ _ 55 peace peace NOUN NN Number=Sing 54 obj _ _ 56 with with ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 57 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 54 obl _ _ 58 , , PUNCT , _ 62 punct _ _ 59 and and CCONJ CC _ 62 cc _ _ 60 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 62 cop _ _ 61 among among ADP IN _ 62 case _ _ 62 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 54 conj _ _ 63 ; ; PUNCT : _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | it | | | | now | | tree rules | | 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **hear** | past | Adoni king of Jerusalem | | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 4 | **take** | past · perfect | Joshua | | Ai | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument ai=Destination | | 5 | **destroy** | past · perfect | Adoni king of Jerusalem *not said here* | it | | | | utterly *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | | 6 | **do** | past · perfect | Joshua | | Jericho and Ai's king | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **do** | past · perfect | Joshua | | Ai and Ai's king | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **make** | past · perfect | the inhabitants of Gibeon | peace | | | | with Israel | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset peace=Product | | 9 | **is** | past | the inhabitants of Gibeon *not said here* | | | | | among Jericho | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיְהִי֩ כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ אֲדֹֽנִי־צֶ֜דֶקאֲדֹֽנִי־צֶ֜דֶק מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם כִּֽי־לָכַ֨ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ אֶת־הָעַי֮ וַיַּחֲרִימָהּ֒ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה לִֽירִיחוֹ֙ וּלְמַלְכָּ֔הּ כֵּן־עָשָׂ֥ה לָעַ֖י וּלְמַלְכָּ֑הּ וְכִ֨י הִשְׁלִ֜ימוּ יֹשְׁבֵ֤י גִבְעוֹן֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּֽהְי֖וּ בְּקִרְבָּֽם׃ [Joshua 10:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.1/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:221` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Joshua 9:27 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.220/) - next →: [Joshua 10:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.222/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 10:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.1/)