---
title: Joshua 10:2 (JPS 1917) — that they feared greatly, because Gibeon was a great city, as one of… · tree and pragmatics
description: that they feared greatly, because Gibeon was a great city, as one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than Ai, and all the men thereof were mighty. Who acts: inhabitants, Gibeon, city, men. Joshua 10:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 10:2 · JPS 1917

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that they feared greatly, because Gibeon was a great city, as one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than Ai, and all the men thereof were mighty.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** inhabitants, Gibeon, city, men · **What happens:** fear, be · **To what, where:** great city

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This is Joshua 10:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (inhabitants, Gibeon, city, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:222
# text = that they feared greatly, because Gibeon was a great city, as one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than Ai, and all the men thereof were mighty.
1	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	feared	fear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	greatly	greatly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
7	Gibeon	Gibeon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	advcl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
14	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	case	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	royal	royal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
21	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
24	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	conj	_	_
25	than	than	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Ai	Ai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
29	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	31	det:predet	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nsubj	_	_
32	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
33	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	cop	_	_
34	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	conj	_	_
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fear** | past | inhabitants *= inhabitant* |  |  |  |  | greatly *property* | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Gibeon | a great city |  |  |  | as the royal cities | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | past | city |  |  |  |  | than Ai; great *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | past | all men |  |  |  |  | mighty *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ מְאֹ֔ד כִּ֣י עִ֤יר גְּדוֹלָה֙ גִּבְע֔וֹן כְּאַחַ֖ת עָרֵ֣י הַמַּמְלָכָ֑ה וְכִ֨י הִ֤יא גְדוֹלָה֙ מִן־הָעַ֔י וְכָל־אֲנָשֶׁ֖יהָ גִּבֹּרִֽים׃

[Joshua 10:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:222` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Joshua 10:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.221/)
- next →: [Joshua 10:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.223/)
- ↑ back to [Joshua 10:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.2/)