---
title: Joshua 10:9 (JPS 1917) — Joshua therefore came upon them suddenly; for he went up from Gilgal… · tree and pragmatics
description: Joshua therefore came upon them suddenly; for he went up from Gilgal all the night. Who acts: Joshua. Joshua 10:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 10:9 · JPS 1917

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Joshua therefore came upon them suddenly; for he went up from Gilgal all the night.

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**Who acts:** Joshua · **What happens:** come, go up · **To what, where:** Gilgal

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This is Joshua 10:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joshua), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:229
# text = Joshua therefore came upon them suddenly; for he went up from Gilgal all the night.
1	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
11	up	up	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Gilgal	Gilgal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	16	det:predet	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl:unmarked	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=narrator

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Joshua |  |  |  |  | upon men *= man*; suddenly, therefore *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon they=Location |
| 2 | **go up** | past | Joshua |  |  | Gilgal | night |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיָּבֹ֧א אֲלֵיהֶ֛ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ פִּתְאֹ֑ם כָּל־הַלַּ֕יְלָה עָלָ֖ה מִן־הַגִּלְגָּֽל׃

[Joshua 10:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:229` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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