--- title: Joshua 2:5 (JPS 1917) — and it came to pass about the time of the shutting of the gate, when… · tree and pragmatics description: and it came to pass about the time of the shutting of the gate, when it was dark, that the men went out; whither the men went I know not; pursue after them quickly; for ye shall overtake them.' Who acts: house, men, I, ye. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (house, men, I, ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOS:23 # text = and it came to pass about the time of the shutting of the gate, when it was dark, that the men went out; whither the men went I know not; pursue after them quickly; for ye shall overtake them.' 1 and and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 pass pass VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ 6 about about ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 shutting shutting NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 gate gate NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 when when SCONJ WRB _ 19 mark _ _ 17 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 18 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 cop _ _ 19 dark dark ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 advcl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 21 that that SCONJ IN _ 24 mark _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 24 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 25 out out ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT : _ 30 punct _ _ 27 whither whither ADV WRB PronType=Int 30 advmod _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 30 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 ccomp _ _ 31 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 32 know know VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 33 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 32 advmod _ _ 34 ; ; PUNCT : _ 35 punct _ _ 35 pursue pursue VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 parataxis _ _ 36 after after ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 obl _ _ 38 quickly quickly ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 39 ; ; PUNCT : _ 43 punct _ _ 40 for for SCONJ IN _ 43 mark _ _ 41 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 43 nsubj _ _ 42 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 43 aux _ _ 43 overtake overtake VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 35 advcl _ _ 44 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 obj _ _ 45 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 46 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: pos - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | house | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | house *not said here* | | | | time | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **is** | past | house | | | | | dark *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **go out** | past | the men | | | | | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **go** | past | the men | | | | | whither *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **not** **know** | present | I | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 7 | **pursue** | infinitive | | | | | after men *= man* | quickly *property* | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent after they=Theme | | 8 | **overtake** | shall | ye | men *= man* | | | | | tree rules | | 9 | **shut** | | | the gate | | | | | nom shutting «act transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיְהִ֨י הַשַּׁ֜עַר לִסְגּ֗וֹר בַּחֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים יָצָ֔אוּ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי אָ֥נָה הָלְכ֖וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֑ים רִדְפ֥וּ מַהֵ֛ר אַחֲרֵיהֶ֖ם כִּ֥י תַשִּׂיגֽוּם׃ [Joshua 2:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.5/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:23` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Joshua 2:4 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.22/) - next →: [Joshua 2:6 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.24/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 2:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.5/)