--- title: Joshua 10:10 (JPS 1917) — And the LORD discomfited them before Israel, and slew them with a gr… · tree and pragmatics description: And the LORD discomfited them before Israel, and slew them with a great slaughter at Gibeon; and they chased them by the way of the ascent of Beth-horon, and smote them to Azekah, and unto Makkedah. Who acts: LORD, men. Joshua 10:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.230/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/) / [10:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.10/) / JPS 1 # Joshua 10:10 · JPS 1917 And the LORD discomfited them before Israel, and slew them with a great slaughter at Gibeon; and they chased them by the way of the ascent of Beth-horon, and smote them to Azekah, and unto Makkedah. **Who acts:** LORD, men · **What happens:** discomfit, slay, chase, smote · **To what, where:** men, hands, Azekah This is Joshua 10:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOS:230 # text = And the LORD discomfited them before Israel, and slew them with a great slaughter at Gibeon; and they chased them by the way of the ascent of Beth-horon, and smote them to Azekah, and unto Makkedah. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 discomfited discomfit VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 obj _ _ 6 before before ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 slew slay VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 11 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obj _ _ 12 with with ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 14 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 slaughter slaughter NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 16 at at ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 Gibeon Gibeon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _ 18 ; ; PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 20 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 21 chased chase VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ _ 22 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obj _ _ 23 by by ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 26 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 ascent ascent NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nmod _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 30 Beth Beth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 compound _ _ 31 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 32 punct _ _ 32 horon horon NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 35 smote smote VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 36 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 obj _ _ 37 to to ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 Azekah Azekah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 obl _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 41 unto unto ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 Makkedah Makkedah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 38 conj _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **discomfit** | past | the LORD | men *= man* | | | before Israel | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer | | 2 | **slay** | past | the LORD *not said here* | men *= man* | | | | with a great slaughter at Gibeon | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent they=Patient with slaughter=Instrument | | 3 | **chase** | past | men *= man* | hands *= hand* | | | | by the way of the ascent of Beth horon | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent they=Theme by way=Trajectory | | 4 | **smote** | past | men *= man* *not said here* | men *= man* | Azekah and Makkedah | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיְהֻמֵּ֤ם יְהוָה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּכֵּ֥ם מַכָּֽה־גְדוֹלָ֖ה בְּגִבְע֑וֹן וַֽיִּרְדְּפֵ֗ם דֶּ֚רֶךְ מַעֲלֵ֣ה בֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ןבֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ן וַיַּכֵּ֥ם עַד־עֲזֵקָ֖ה וְעַד־מַקֵּדָֽה׃ [Joshua 10:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.10/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:230` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Joshua 10:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.229/) - next →: [Joshua 10:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.231/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 10:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.10/)