---
title: Joshua 10:11 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass, as they fled from before Israel, while they wer… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it came to pass, as they fled from before Israel, while they were at the descent of Beth-horon, that the LORD cast down great stones from heaven upon them unto Azekah, and they died; they were more who died with the hailstones than they whom the children of Israel slew with the sword. Who acts: 
---

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# Joshua 10:11 · JPS 1917

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And it came to pass, as they fled from before Israel, while they were at the descent of Beth-horon, that the LORD cast down great stones from heaven upon them unto Azekah, and they died; they were more who died with the hailstones than they whom the children of Israel slew with the sword.

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**Who acts:** way, men, LORD, children · **What happens:** come, pass, flee, be, cast down, die · **To what, where:** Israel, descent, great stones, heaven

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This is Joshua 10:11 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (way, men, LORD, children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:231
# text = And it came to pass, as they fled from before Israel, while they were at the descent of Beth-horon, that the LORD cast down great stones from heaven upon them unto Azekah, and they died; they were more who died with the hailstones than they whom the children of Israel slew with the sword.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	fled	flee	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	before	before	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
14	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
16	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	descent	descent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	advcl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	Beth	Beth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	_
23	horon	horon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
28	cast	cast	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
29	down	down	ADP	RP	_	28	compound:prt	_	_
30	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	_
32	from	from	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
34	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obl	_	_
36	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	Azekah	Azekah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
40	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
41	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	conj	_	_
42	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	45	punct	_	_
43	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	nsubj	_	_
44	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	45	cop	_	_
45	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	41	conj	_	_
46	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	47	nsubj	_	_
47	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	45	acl:relcl	_	_
48	with	with	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	hailstones	hailstone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	47	obl	_	_
51	than	than	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
52	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	obl	_	_
53	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	58	obj	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
55	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	nsubj	_	_
56	of	of	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
57	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	55	nmod	_	_
58	slew	slay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	52	acl:relcl	_	_
59	with	with	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
60	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	61	det	_	_
61	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	obl	_	_
62	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | way |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | way *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **flee** | past | men *= man* |  |  | Israel |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from israel=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **is** | past | men *= man* |  |  | the descent |  | of Beth horon | tree rules |
| 5 | **cast down** | past | the LORD | great stones |  | heaven |  | upon men *= man*; unto Azekah | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent stone=Product from heaven=Material |
| 6 | **die** | past | men *= man* |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 7 | **is** | past | men *= man* |  |  |  |  | than Azekah; more *property* | tree rules |
| 8 | **die** | past |  |  |  |  |  | with the hailstones | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 9 | **slay** | past | the children of Israel |  |  |  |  | with the sword | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent whom=Patient with sword=Instrument |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיְהִ֞י בְּנֻסָ֣ם ׀ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הֵ֞ם בְּמוֹרַ֤ד בֵּית־חוֹרֹן֙בֵּית־חוֹרֹן֙ וַֽיהוָ֡ה הִשְׁלִ֣יךְ עֲלֵיהֶם֩ אֲבָנִ֨ים גְּדֹל֧וֹת מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם עַד־עֲזֵקָ֖ה וַיָּמֻ֑תוּ רַבִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־מֵ֙תוּ֙ בְּאַבְנֵ֣י הַבָּרָ֔ד מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרְג֛וּ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ס

[Joshua 10:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.11/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:231` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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