--- title: Joshua 10:12 (JPS 1917) — Then spoke Joshua to the LORD in the day when the LORD delivered up… · tree and pragmatics description: Then spoke Joshua to the LORD in the day when the LORD delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel; and he said in the sight of Israel: 'Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon; and thou, Moon, in the valley of Aijalon.' Who acts: Joshua, LORD, thou. Joshua 10:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependenc --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.232/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/) / [10:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.12/) / JPS 1 # Joshua 10:12 · JPS 1917 Then spoke Joshua to the LORD in the day when the LORD delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel; and he said in the sight of Israel: 'Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon; and thou, Moon, in the valley of Aijalon.' **Who acts:** Joshua, LORD, thou · **What happens:** speak, deliver up, say, stand, sight · **To what, where:** Amorites, sight, Gibeon, Israel · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Joshua 10:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joshua, LORD, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOS:232 # text = Then spoke Joshua to the LORD in the day when the LORD delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel; and he said in the sight of Israel: 'Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon; and thou, Moon, in the valley of Aijalon.' 1 Then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 2 advmod _ _ 2 spoke speak VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 Joshua Joshua PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 4 to to ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 10 when when ADV WRB PronType=Rel 13 advmod _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 13 delivered deliver VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 acl:relcl _ _ 14 up up ADP RP _ 13 compound:prt _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 Amorites Amorite PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 17 before before ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obl _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT : _ 25 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 24 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 26 in in ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 sight sight NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 31 : : PUNCT : _ 25 punct _ _ 32 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 35 punct _ _ 33 Sun Sun PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 vocative _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 35 stand stand VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 25 ccomp _ _ 36 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 35 nsubj _ _ 37 still still ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 38 upon upon ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 Gibeon Gibeon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 obl _ _ 40 ; ; PUNCT : _ 42 punct _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 42 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 35 conj _ _ 43 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 44 Moon Moon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 42 vocative _ _ 45 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 46 in in ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 47 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 48 valley valley NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 orphan _ _ 49 of of ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 50 Aijalon Aijalon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 48 nmod _ _ 51 . . PUNCT . _ 35 punct _ _ 52 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 35 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Joshua | | | | then; day | to the LORD | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to lord=Co-Agent | | 2 | **deliver up** | past | the LORD | the Amorites | | | before the children of Israel | | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent amorite=Patient | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | LORD | | | the sight of Israel | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **stand** | infinitive | thou | | | Gibeon | still | Sun *vocative* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon gibeon=Location | | 5 | **sight** | | | Israel | | | | | nom sight «cognition transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} אָ֣ז יְדַבֵּ֤ר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה בְּי֗וֹם תֵּ֤ת יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לְעֵינֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל שֶׁ֚מֶשׁ בְּגִבְע֣וֹן דּ֔וֹם וְיָרֵ֖חַ בְּעֵ֥מֶק אַיָּלֽוֹן׃ [Joshua 10:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.12/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:232` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Joshua 10:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.231/) - next →: [Joshua 10:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.233/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 10:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.12/)