---
title: Joshua 10:16 (JPS 1917) — And these five kings fled, and hid themselves in the cave at Makkedah. · tree and pragmatics
description: And these five kings fled, and hid themselves in the cave at Makkedah. Who acts: five kings. Joshua 10:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 10:16 · JPS 1917

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And these five kings fled, and hid themselves in the cave at Makkedah.

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**Who acts:** five kings · **What happens:** flee, hide · **To what, where:** stones, cave

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This is Joshua 10:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (five kings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:238
# text = And these five kings fled, and hid themselves in the cave at Makkedah.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
3	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	fled	flee	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	hid	hide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
9	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	8	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Makkedah	Makkedah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flee** | past | this five kings |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **hide** | past | this five kings *not said here* | stones *= stone* |  | the cave at Makkedah |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent themselves=Patient in cave=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיָּנֻ֕סוּ חֲמֵ֖שֶׁת הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֵּחָבְא֥וּ בַמְּעָרָ֖ה בְּמַקֵּדָֽה׃

[Joshua 10:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:238` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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