---
title: Joshua 10:20 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass, when Joshua and the children of Israel had made… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it came to pass, when Joshua and the children of Israel had made an end of slaying them with a very great slaughter, till they were consumed, and the remnant which remained of them had entered into the fortified cities, Who acts: hindmost, Joshua, end, remnant. Joshua 10:20 in JPS 1917 with its 
---

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# Joshua 10:20 · JPS 1917

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And it came to pass, when Joshua and the children of Israel had made an end of slaying them with a very great slaughter, till they were consumed, and the remnant which remained of them had entered into the fortified cities,

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**Who acts:** hindmost, Joshua, end, remnant · **What happens:** come, pass, make, slay, consume, remain · **To what, where:** end, children, fortified cities

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This is Joshua 10:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hindmost, Joshua, end, remnant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:242
# text = And it came to pass, when Joshua and the children of Israel had made an end of slaying them with a very great slaughter, till they were consumed, and the remnant which remained of them had entered into the fortified cities,
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	15	mark	_	_
8	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
19	slaying	slay	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	acl	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
23	very	very	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	slaughter	slaughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
28	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj:pass	_	_
29	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux:pass	_	_
30	consumed	consume	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	advcl	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	remnant	remnant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nsubj	_	_
35	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	36	nsubj	_	_
36	remained	remain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	acl:relcl	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	obl	_	_
39	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	aux	_	_
40	entered	enter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	30	conj	_	_
41	into	into	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
43	fortified	fortify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	44	amod	_	_
44	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	obl	_	_
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | hindmost |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | hindmost *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | past · perfect | Joshua and the children of Israel | a end |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent end=Product |
| 4 | **slay** | gerund | a end *not said here* | children *= child* |  |  |  | with a great slaughter | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent they=Patient with slaughter=Instrument |
| 5 | **consume** | past · passive |  | children *= child* |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset |
| 6 | **remain** | past | the remnant |  |  |  |  | of children *= child* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **enter** | past · perfect | the remnant |  |  | the fortified cities |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into city=Initial\_Location |
| 8 | **fortify** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיְהִי֩ כְּכַלּ֨וֹת יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לְהַכּוֹתָ֛ם מַכָּ֥ה גְדוֹלָֽה־מְאֹ֖ד עַד־תֻּמָּ֑ם וְהַשְּׂרִידִים֙ שָׂרְד֣וּ מֵהֶ֔ם וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אֶל־עָרֵ֥י הַמִּבְצָֽר׃

[Joshua 10:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:242` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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