---
title: Joshua 10:22 (JPS 1917) — Then said Joshua: 'Open the mouth of the cave, and bring forth those… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then said Joshua: 'Open the mouth of the cave, and bring forth those five kings unto me out of the cave.' Who acts: Joshua. Joshua 10:22 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.244/)

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# Joshua 10:22 · JPS 1917

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Then said Joshua: 'Open the mouth of the cave, and bring forth those five kings unto me out of the cave.'

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**Who acts:** Joshua · **What happens:** say, open, bring · **To what, where:** mouth, five kings, cave · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Joshua 10:22 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joshua), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:244
# text = Then said Joshua: 'Open the mouth of the cave, and bring forth those five kings unto me out of the cave.'
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	_
6	Open	open	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	bring	bring	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
15	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	18	det	_	_
17	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
19	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	_
21	out	out	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
26	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Joshua |  |  |  | then |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **open** | infinitive |  | the mouth of the cave |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location mouth=Theme |
| 3 | **bring** | infinitive |  | that five kings |  | the cave |  | unto me; forth *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent king=Theme out cave=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ פִּתְח֖וּ אֶת־פִּ֣י הַמְּעָרָ֑ה וְהוֹצִ֣יאוּ אֵלַ֗י אֶת־חֲמֵ֛שֶׁת הַמְּלָכִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה מִן־הַמְּעָרָֽה׃

[Joshua 10:22: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.22/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:244` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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