--- title: Joshua 10:25 (JPS 1917) — And Joshua said unto them: 'Fear not, nor be dismayed; be strong and… · tree and pragmatics description: And Joshua said unto them: 'Fear not, nor be dismayed; be strong and of good courage; for thus shall the LORD do to all your enemies against whom ye fight.' Who acts: Joshua, LORD, ye. Joshua 10:25 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.247/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/) / [10:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.25/) / JPS 1 # Joshua 10:25 · JPS 1917 And Joshua said unto them: 'Fear not, nor be dismayed; be strong and of good courage; for thus shall the LORD do to all your enemies against whom ye fight.' **Who acts:** Joshua, LORD, ye · **What happens:** say, not fear, dismay, be, do, fight · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Joshua 10:25 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joshua, LORD, ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOS:247 # text = And Joshua said unto them: 'Fear not, nor be dismayed; be strong and of good courage; for thus shall the LORD do to all your enemies against whom ye fight.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 Joshua Joshua PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 unto unto ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 obl _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 8 punct _ _ 7 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 8 punct _ _ 8 Fear fear VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 9 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 8 advmod _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 nor nor CCONJ CC Polarity=Neg 13 cc _ _ 12 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 13 aux:pass _ _ 13 dismayed dismay VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 conj _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 15 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 16 cop _ _ 16 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 conj _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 courage courage NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 conj _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 22 for for SCONJ IN _ 27 mark _ _ 23 thus thus ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 24 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 27 do do VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 parataxis _ _ 28 to to ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 29 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 31 det:predet _ _ 30 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 31 enemies enemy NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl _ _ 32 against against ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 whom whom PRON WP PronType=Rel 35 obl _ _ 34 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 35 nsubj _ _ 35 fight fight VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 acl:relcl _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 37 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=request, indirect=0, form=imp, polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Joshua | | | | | unto people | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **not** **fear** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **dismay** | infinitive · passive | | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» | | 4 | **is** | infinitive | | | | | | strong *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **do** | shall | the LORD | | | | | to your enemies; thus *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **fight** | present | ye | | | | | against your enemies | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ אַל־תִּֽירְא֖וּ וְאַל־תֵּחָ֑תּוּ חִזְק֣וּ וְאִמְצ֔וּ כִּ֣י כָ֗כָה יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לְכָל־אֹ֣יְבֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם נִלְחָמִ֥ים אוֹתָֽם׃ [Joshua 10:25: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.25/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:247` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Joshua 10:24 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.246/) - next →: [Joshua 10:26 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.248/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 10:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.25/)