--- title: Joshua 10:27 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass at the time of the going down of the sun, that J… · tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass at the time of the going down of the sun, that Joshua commanded, and they took them down off the trees, and cast them into the cave wherein they had hidden themselves, and laid great stones on the mouth of the cave, unto this very day. Who acts: Joshua, people. Joshua 10:27 in JP --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.249/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/) / [10:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.27/) / JPS 1 # Joshua 10:27 · JPS 1917 And it came to pass at the time of the going down of the sun, that Joshua commanded, and they took them down off the trees, and cast them into the cave wherein they had hidden themselves, and laid great stones on the mouth of the cave, unto this very day. **Who acts:** Joshua, people · **What happens:** come, pass, go down, command, take down, cast · **To what, where:** death, trees, people, cave, great stones, mouth · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Joshua 10:27 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joshua, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOS:249 # text = And it came to pass at the time of the going down of the sun, that Joshua commanded, and they took them down off the trees, and cast them into the cave wherein they had hidden themselves, and laid great stones on the mouth of the cave, unto this very day. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 expl _ _ 3 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 pass pass VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ 6 at at ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 going go VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 8 nmod _ _ 12 down down ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 13 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 sun sun NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 17 that that SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 18 Joshua Joshua PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 19 commanded command VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 22 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ _ 23 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 24 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ _ 25 down down ADP RP _ 23 compound:prt _ _ 26 off off ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 cast cast VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ _ 32 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ _ 33 into into ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 cave cave NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 36 wherein wherein ADV WRB PronType=Int 39 advmod _ _ 37 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 nsubj _ _ 38 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 39 aux _ _ 39 hidden hide VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 35 acl:relcl _ _ 40 themselves themselves PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 39 obj _ _ 41 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 42 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 43 laid lay VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 conj _ _ 44 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 amod _ _ 45 stones stone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 43 obj _ _ 46 on on ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 47 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 48 mouth mouth NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obl _ _ 49 of of ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 50 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 51 cave cave NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 nmod _ _ 52 , , PUNCT , _ 56 punct _ _ 53 unto unto ADP IN _ 56 case _ _ 54 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 56 det _ _ 55 very very ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 56 amod _ _ 56 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obl _ _ 57 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: pos - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | | death | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | | | | | time | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **go down** | gerund | | | | | | of the sun; down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 4 | **command** | past | Joshua | | | | | | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **take down** | past | people | trees *= tree* | | | | off the trees | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | | 6 | **cast** | past | people *not said here* | people | | the cave | | | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent they=Material into cave=Product | | 7 | **hide** | past · perfect | people | people | | | | wherein *property* | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Patient | | 8 | **lay** | past | people *not said here* | great stones | | the mouth of the cave | day | | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent stone=Theme on mouth=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיְהִ֞י לְעֵ֣ת ׀ בּ֣וֹא הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ צִוָּ֤ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ וַיֹּֽרִידוּם֙ מֵעַ֣ל הָעֵצִ֔ים וַיַּ֨שְׁלִכֻ֔ם אֶל־הַמְּעָרָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר נֶחְבְּאוּ־שָׁ֑ם וַיָּשִׂ֜מוּ אֲבָנִ֤ים גְּדֹלוֹת֙ עַל־פִּ֣י הַמְּעָרָ֔ה עַד־עֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃פ [Joshua 10:27: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.27/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:249` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Joshua 10:26 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.248/) - next →: [Joshua 10:28 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.250/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 10:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.27/)