---
title: Joshua 10:38 (JPS 1917) — And Joshua turned back, and all Israel with him, to Debir; and fough… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Joshua turned back, and all Israel with him, to Debir; and fought against it. Who acts: Joshua. Joshua 10:38 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Joshua 10:38 · JPS 1917

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And Joshua turned back, and all Israel with him, to Debir; and fought against it.

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**Who acts:** Joshua · **What happens:** turn back, fight · **To what, where:** Debir

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This is Joshua 10:38 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joshua), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOS:260
# text = And Joshua turned back, and all Israel with him, to Debir; and fought against it.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Debir	Debir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	against	against	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn back** | past | Joshua |  | Debir |  |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to debir=Destination |
| 2 | **fight** | past | Joshua *not said here* |  |  |  |  | against death | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיָּ֧שָׁב יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל עִמּ֖וֹ דְּבִ֑רָה וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם עָלֶֽיהָ׃

[Joshua 10:38: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.38/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:260` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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