--- title: Joshua 10:40 (JPS 1917) — So Joshua smote all the land, the hill-country, and the South, and t… · tree and pragmatics description: So Joshua smote all the land, the hill-country, and the South, and the Lowland, and the slopes, and all their kings; he left none remaining; but he utterly destroyed all that breathed, as the LORD, the God of Israel, commanded. Who acts: Joshua, LORD. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joshua, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOS:262 # text = So Joshua smote all the land, the hill-country, and the South, and the Lowland, and the slopes, and all their kings; he left none remaining; but he utterly destroyed all that breathed, as the LORD, the God of Israel, commanded. 1 So so ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 2 Joshua Joshua PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 smote smite VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 6 det:predet _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 9 hill hill NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 10 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 9 punct _ _ 11 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 conj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 South South PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 conj _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 Lowland Lowland PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 conj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 slopes slope NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 conj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 26 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 28 det:predet _ _ 27 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ _ 28 kings king NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 conj _ _ 29 ; ; PUNCT : _ 31 punct _ _ 30 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ _ 31 left leave VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 32 none none PRON NN PronType=Neg 31 obj _ _ 33 remaining remain VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 31 advcl _ _ 34 ; ; PUNCT : _ 38 punct _ _ 35 but but CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 36 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ _ 37 utterly utterly ADV RB _ 38 advmod _ _ 38 destroyed destroy VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 39 all all PRON DT PronType=Tot 38 obj _ _ 40 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 41 nsubj _ _ 41 breathed breathe VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 39 acl:relcl _ _ 42 , , PUNCT , _ 52 punct _ _ 43 as as SCONJ IN _ 52 mark _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 52 nsubj _ _ 46 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 47 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 48 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 45 appos _ _ 49 of of ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 50 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 48 nmod _ _ 51 , , PUNCT , _ 52 punct _ _ 52 commanded command VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 38 advcl _ _ 53 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **smite** | past | Joshua | all land and the hill country and the South and the Lowland and the slopes and people's kings | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus land=Experiencer | | 2 | **leave** | past | Joshua | none | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent none=Theme | | 3 | **remain** | gerund | Joshua *not said here* | | | | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **destroy** | past | Joshua | all | | | | utterly *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent all=Patient | | 5 | **breathe** | past | | | | | | | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **command** | past | the LORD | | | | | | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיַּכֶּ֣ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֡רֶץ הָהָר֩ וְהַנֶּ֨גֶב וְהַשְּׁפֵלָ֜ה וְהָאֲשֵׁד֗וֹת וְאֵת֙ כָּל־מַלְכֵיהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖יר שָׂרִ֑יד וְאֵ֤ת כָּל־הַנְּשָׁמָה֙ הֶחֱרִ֔ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֔ה יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ [Joshua 10:40: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.40/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:262` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Joshua 10:39 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.261/) - next →: [Joshua 10:41 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.263/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 10:40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.40/)