--- title: Joshua 2:9 (JPS 1917) — and she said unto the men: 'I know that the LORD hath given you the… · tree and pragmatics description: and she said unto the men: 'I know that the LORD hath given you the land, and that your terror is fallen upon us, and that all the inhabitants of the land melt away before you. Who acts: gate, I, LORD, inhabitants. Joshua 2:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.27/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/2/) / [2:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.9/) / JPS 1 # Joshua 2:9 · JPS 1917 and she said unto the men: 'I know that the LORD hath given you the land, and that your terror is fallen upon us, and that all the inhabitants of the land melt away before you. **Who acts:** gate, I, LORD, inhabitants · **What happens:** say, know, give, fall, melt away · **To what, where:** land, you, terror · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Joshua 2:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gate, I, LORD, inhabitants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOS:27 # text = and she said unto the men: 'I know that the LORD hath given you the land, and that your terror is fallen upon us, and that all the inhabitants of the land melt away before you. 1 and and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 unto unto ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 10 punct _ _ 8 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 10 punct _ _ 9 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _ 10 know know VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 11 that that SCONJ IN _ 15 mark _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 14 hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 aux _ _ 15 given give VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 ccomp _ _ 16 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 15 iobj _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 21 that that SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 22 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ _ 23 terror terror NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj:pass _ _ 24 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 aux:pass _ _ 25 fallen fall VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 15 conj _ _ 26 upon upon ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 obl _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 30 that that SCONJ IN _ 37 mark _ _ 31 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 33 det:predet _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 inhabitants inhabitant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 nsubj _ _ 34 of of ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nmod _ _ 37 melt melt VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 conj _ _ 38 away away ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 39 before before ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 37 obl _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - indirect: yes - teacher: changed voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | gate | | | | | unto the men | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **know** | present | I | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 3 | **give** | present · perfect | the LORD | the land | you | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient land=Theme | | 4 | **fall** | present · passive | | your terror | | | | upon us | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: subject=Result | | 5 | **melt away** | present | all inhabitants of the land | | | | before you | away *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔ים יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְכִֽי־נָפְלָ֤ה אֵֽימַתְכֶם֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ וְכִ֥י נָמֹ֛גוּ כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם׃ [Joshua 2:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.9/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOS:27` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Joshua 2:8 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.26/) - next →: [Joshua 2:10 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.28/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 2:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.2.9/)